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<br />As part of the research program, simultaneous measurements mere <br />obtained of stress on the pipeline and of particle velocity produced by vibration <br />at the ground surface. <br />SRI reooamerded, as a result of their tests, that pipeline stresses <br />frog blasting could be determined by the equation <br />0.77 <br />SC = SL = 4.44 E nW2.5 x 1.34 , <br />f2~F R <br />where SC = Circlmiferential (ovalling> stress <br />• SL = Longitudinal (bending) stress <br />W = Charge Weight/Delay in lbs. <br />n = FYluivalent Energy Release (= 1 for AtZ/FO) <br />E = Modulus for Steel = 30 X 106 psi <br />h Wall RhicJvwss in inches <br />F Liertial Factor <br />R Standoff Distance. <br />'itie data obtained by SRI can be used to obtain a relationship between <br />the measured stress on the pipeline and the peak particle velocity measured on <br />the ground surface. 'It~e quantity 'particle velocity' is rate of movement to which <br />damage from ground action is related. Figure 1 is a plot of stress as a function <br />of peak particle velocity. As can be seen, the tests induced pipe stresses over <br />• 50,000 pounds per square inch (psi) with corresponding particle velocities over <br />50 inches per second (ips). <br />-2- <br />