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SOIL SURVEY This soil has good potential for urban and recreation development. Increased population growth in the surve area has resulted in increased homesite construction. Th chief limiting soil features for urban development are th shrink-swell potential of the subsoil as it wets and drie and the limited ability of this soil to support a load. Septi tank absorption fields function properly, but communit sewage systems should be provided if the population den sit} increases. Because of the moderately rapid perinea bilit}' of the substratum, sewage lagoons must be Seale Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. Capability subclas IIe imgated. 10-Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Thi is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on floo plains at elevations of 4,450 to 5,000 feet. IC formed i stratified recent alluvium along streams and rivers. In eluded in mapping are numerous sand and gravel bar and small areas of noncalcareous soils. Typically the surface layer of this Bankard soil i brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The underlyin material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous sand stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam, loam, and fine gravel. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water canacit}• is ]ow. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is lou. This soil is suited to limited cropping. It is sandy and subject co flooding. Pasture is the best use. Tall wheat- grass, tall fescue, and annual sweetclover are some of the most suitable crops. Light, frequent irrigation by furrows and flooding is best. Commercial fertilizer improves the amount and value of forage produced. The potential native vegetation is dominated by sw•itchgrass, indiangrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grams. needleandthread, and blue grams. Much of this range site includes other soils and vegetation in such a complex pattern that it is difficult to map them separately. Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,500 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses decrease; blue grams, sand dropseed, and forbs increase; and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation should be based on taking hat` and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed- ing is desirable only in areas large enough to interseed or to prepare a seedbed. Switchgrass, sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats gram a, little bluestem, blue grams, pu- bescent wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. This soil can be seeded by using an in[erseeder or a £rm, clean sorghum stubble. A grass drill is required. Seeding earl}• in spring has proven most suc- cessful. This soil is generally not suited to the establishment and growth of trees and shrubs. Onsite investigation is needed to determine feasibility and possible tree and shrub species. a] Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil The Y cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked ~ e pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can ~ e be attracted b}• establishing areas for nesting and escape ~ s cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- c tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- Y meat, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- - land wildlife, for example, deer and antelope, can be at- tracted by managing livestock gazing and reseeding d. where needed. s This soil is not suited to urban or recreational develop- ment because of the flood hazard. Capability subclass s IVw irrigated, VIw nonirrigated; Sandy Bottom land d range site. II-Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 - a deep, well drained soil on terraces at ele atiopns of 4700 s to 9,500 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the South Platte River. Included in mapping are small areas s of sails that have sand and gravelly sand in the lower g part of the substratum. Typically the surface layer is grayish brown sand}• loam about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is brown and yellowish brown sandy clay loam about 19 inches thick. The sub- stratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand. Permeability and available water capacity are moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area includ- ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 yeazs of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Few• conservation prac- tices are needed to maintain top yields. All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed at the time of planting and during dry periods. Trees Chat are best suited and have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberr}•. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- an peashrub. Wildlife is an important secondar}• use of this soil. Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- game species can be attracted b}• establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans for habitat development, especiall}~ in areas of intensive agriculture. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The