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06032
<br />Banks and Gesso, LLC
<br />6-Bresser sently 108m, 0 t0 8 perCOnt slopes. This
<br />deep, well drained soil formed in alluvium end residuum
<br />weathered from arkosic sandstone. It Is on gently rolling
<br />uplands and side slopes. Elevation ranges from about
<br />5,300 to eDOUt 6,400 feet. Average annual precipitation
<br />ranges from about 14 to 17 inches, average annual air
<br />temperature is about 47 degrees F, end average frost-
<br />free period is about 135 days.
<br />Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
<br />Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes. Also included
<br />are Ascalon sandy loam and Truckton sandy loam that
<br />have 4 to 8 percent slopes.
<br />Typically, the 5urtace layer is greyish brown sently
<br />loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is brown sandy
<br />clay loam to a tlepth of shout 20 inches end pale brown
<br />sently loam to a depth of about 29 inches. The substra-
<br />tum is very pale brown loamy sand to a depth of 60
<br />inches.
<br />Permeability and available water capacity are moder-
<br />ate. Surtace runoff is medium, end the hazard of erosion
<br />is moderate. A few gullies fire in some places.
<br />Less than half of this soil is used for nonirrigated
<br />croplantl. Wheat is the main crop. The es[ima[etl yield
<br />for wheat is about 17 bushels per acre. Most of the
<br />remaining acreage is used for grazing. Some areas of
<br />this soil are usetl for homesites antl other urban pur-
<br />poses.
<br />Conserving moisture and protecting the soil from ero-
<br />sion are the main concerns of management on nonirri-
<br />gated cropland. Summor fellow is necessary because of
<br />the absence of a0equate precipitation. Stubble mulch
<br />tillage and incorporating crop residue in and on the sur-
<br />face are necessary to protect soil from erosion, improve
<br />soil tilth, and conserve moisture. Chiseling breaks up
<br />silage pans end improves water infiltration in the subsoil.
<br />Stdpcropping al right angles to the prevailing wintl is also
<br />effective in protecting the soil from blowing (figs. 1 to 4).
<br />Tillage operations need to be kept to a minimum.
<br />Rangeland vegetation is mainly blue grams, prairie
<br />sandreed, needleandthreed, little bluestem, and sideoets
<br />grams. When range conditon deteriorates because of
<br />overgrazing or other uses, grasses, such es blue grema
<br />end native bluegresses, and (orbs, such as hairy goldas-
<br />ter, increase. Sleepygrass end annuals replace these
<br />grasses if the range becomes seriously deteriorated.
<br />Seeding the range is recommendetl to revegetate de-
<br />pleted~ areas in order to protect the soil from wind and
<br />water erosion. Native grasses, such es big bluestem,
<br />IiHIe bluestem, sideoets grams, end prairie sandreed, are
<br />recommended for range seeding. Tame grasses, such as
<br />crested wheatgress, Russian wildrye, pubescent wheat-
<br />gress, or intermediate wheatgress, may also be used.
<br />This soil is generally suited to windbreaks and environ-
<br />mental plenangs. Wind erosion is the main limitation to
<br />the establishment of trees and shrubs. This hazard can
<br />be overcome by cultivating only in the tree row and
<br />leaving a strip of vegetative cover between the rows.
<br />Supplemental irrigation is generally necessary at the time
<br />of planting and during tlry penotls. Well suited trees that
<br />survive best ere Rocky Mountain luniper, eastern redce-
<br />dar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and
<br />hackberry. The best suited shrubs ere skunkbush sumac,
<br />American plum, and Hansen rose.
<br />This soil is well suited for homesites and other urban
<br />uses and has only minor limitations that can be easily
<br />overcome. Where this soil is used for a sewage lagoon
<br />system, special sealing methods are needed to over-
<br />come the excessive seepage condition.
<br />This soil is in capability subclass IVs, nonirrigated.
<br />7-Bresser-Cushman complex, 4 to 20 percent
<br />slopes. These gently sloping to moderately steep soils
<br />are on valley side slopes end hills. Elevation ranges hom
<br />5,300 to 6,400 teat. Average annual precipiason ranges
<br />from about 14 to 17 inches, average annual air tempera-
<br />ture is about 47 degrees F, and average frost-tree period
<br />is about 135 days. The Bresser soil makes up about 40
<br />percent of the unit, and the Cushman soil makes up
<br />about 30 percent.
<br />Inclutletl with this complex in mapping, and making up
<br />about 30 percent of the unit, are Ascalon sandy loam,
<br />Truckton sently loam, end Kutch clay loam that have 4
<br />to 8 percent slopes.
<br />The Bresser sail is deep and well tlrained. It formed in
<br />alluvium and residuum weatheretl from arkosic sedimen-
<br />tary rock. Typically, the surtece layer is grayish brown
<br />sandy loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is brown
<br />sandy clay loam to a depth of about 20 inches end pale
<br />brown sandy loam to a depth of about 29 inches. The
<br />substratum is very pale brown loamy sand [o a depth of
<br />80 inches.
<br />Permeability and available water capacity are moder-
<br />ate. Surtace runoff is medium, and the hazard of erosion
<br />is moderate.
<br />Tha Cushman soil is moderately deep and well
<br />drained. It formed in mixed calcareous material weath-
<br />ered from interbedded shale and sandstone. Typically,
<br />the surface layer is pale brown loam about 4 inches
<br />thick. The subsoil is grayish brown clay loam to a depth
<br />of about 20 inches. The substratum is light brownish
<br />gray silty clay loam over interbedded shale and sand-
<br />stone at a depth of about 34 inches.
<br />Permeability and available water capacity are moder-
<br />ate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. Sur-
<br />face runoff is medium, and the hazartl of erosion is
<br />moderate. Some gullying has taken place in drain-
<br />ageways.
<br />Most of the soils in this unit are used for grazing.
<br />Small areas on the lower parts of slopes have been
<br />used for nonirrigated cropland, but most areas have
<br />been seeded to grass. The Bresser soil has good poten-
<br />tial for windbreaks and environmental plantings end for
<br />most engineering uses in selected areas. The Cushman
<br />soil has poor to fair potential for these uses.
<br />Rangelantl vegetation on the Bresser soil is mainly
<br />prairie sandreed, blue grams, little bluestem, sideoets
<br />grema, praise junegrass, and needleandthreed. Range-
<br />land vegetation on the Cushman soil consists mainly of
<br />blue grema, green needlegrass, sideoets grema, and
<br />western wheatgress. When range condition detedorates,
<br />grasses such as blue grams and native bluegresses in-
<br />crease. Sleepygrass and annuals replace these grasses
<br />in a seriously deteriorated range.
<br />Seeding the range is recommended to revegetate de-
<br />pletetl areas in order to protect the soil from wind and
<br />water erosion. Seeding to native grasses is desirable, but
<br />the range may also be Beetled with tame species, such
<br />as Nordan crested wheatgress, Russian wildrye, pubes-
<br />cent wheatgress, or intermediate wheatgress.
<br />The Bresser sail is generally suited to windbreaks end
<br />environmental plantings. Wintl erosion is the main limita-
<br />tion to the establishment of trees and shrubs. This
<br />hazard can be overcome by cultivating only in the tree
<br />row and leaving a strip of vegetative cover between the
<br />rows. Supplemental irrigation is generally necessary at
<br />the time of planting and during tlry periods. Well suited
<br />trees that survive are Rocky Mountain juniper, easlem
<br />redcetlar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive,
<br />and hackberry. The best suited shrubs are skunkbush
<br />sumac, American plum, and Hansen rose.
<br />The Denver Brick Company January 2007
<br />Kiowa Clay Mine Page i6
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