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Comparisons between spring and fall-planted species of forbs are • <br />also interesting. Both Penstemon lentus and Utah sweetvetch were <br />planted in spring and fall; as in the case with the shrubs and grasses, ~ <br />the spring plantings of forbs had much thinner stands than the fall <br />plantings. Spring plantings are not recommended because in many cases . <br />the seed needs a pregermination treatment of cold stratification; this <br />is most likely the reason for the failure of the serviceberry and the <br />Penstemon lentus spring seedings. Grass species such as the bromes or <br />wheatgrasses and possibly forbs such as Utah sweetvetch are cool-season <br />species and have adapted to germinating and making much of their <br />growth when temperature are low and moisture conditions high; these <br />cool-season species do not do as well when temperatures have increased <br />and moisture has decreased as is likely with a spring seeding. <br />Disease and fungus problems for any seedling also increase as tempera- <br />tures rise in the spring, thus it is desirable to have cool-season <br />seedlings optimizing growth conditions as early in spring as possible. <br />• <br />i <br />