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• <br />_ .:.., <br />&~F : ;~, <br />~'ir.'~-.... M~.~t ~~~.e~1-i'~~iRiyMr,L~w-y'y~'`t'a ,~ w`,n'~ h', <br />i `~ '.( <br />n. <br />iY~' .~ <br />v ~ ~,:r~4 ~!1 w t <br />. 1 <br />rr ~ tj r ~ y ar - V° ,.. <br />'~~~..:~: ,,` ;.s-.. ,~ 4.. rill -i n#tt -'S_9 <br />?li 1 <br />.~ ..~ ,rat`. ti rlj{}, h r 1 :fiYl~r '~ '• `~ -•~ <br />~ -ri ~rV'iy ~K ~ :-'y ~R(~ti" r it ,`r ~~•_ °~. `,t` ~ ~'.t-~-~'~.1r1 <br />Fi{;ureG, iZuhust uni~chrm trrn.plantr: in,iJ: file Icncr.l.r;.:.a Sri..,.. .1r,, 'ul~ <br />• 'I1te fence vestment at the mines appears to have generally nsultcd in increased shNb denaq'. <br />^.emge height and cover ('fable 9). This is ~Kpecialk apparent for preferred browse species such as <br />hi«erbNSh ftahles 10 - I>). Since doer, elk and antelope arc known to browse shrub species, this is the <br />c+pecteJ result. However, many of the unl'enccd plots have modest numbers of shrubs that could survive <br />in the long-lemt. Since bmwsing is an episodic phenomenon in Ihrse habitats, it is likely that the fencing <br />trcatmrm will become morn significant with increasing time as the chance_+ for deslNCtive bmwsing <br />rvcnr+ increase with time. Continued monitoring of the plots on a biennial or triennial ha is will he <br />needed to gauge the we impact of fencing on shrub establishment over a mom ecologically-relevam time <br />frame. <br />1'hr et7ert of topsoil depth on shNb establishment is difficult to assess at 'trapper mint due to <br />low shNb numinrs and difTicult to acsacs at Seneca due m uneven planting of shNb spccics across <br />treatment plots. However, at Colowyo mine, where shrub establishment was initially high. the <br />intenncdiatc to~oil Depth of l5 cm (plots 2 and i) appears to have a~sulted in the txst initial shNh <br />establishment t'1'ahle 9). ~1'hilr the no topsoil plots (plots 4 and 5) at Colowyo had the lx~arest initial <br />shrub cstahlishmcnt, these plots have shown the greatest increases in shNb esablishmcm in n~ent years. <br />These results illustrate the importance of continued monitoring of the plots in anler to Determine the <br />e(Pects of topwil depth on shNb community development. <br />I71e indiviJual C(ri`cts of other trratmcnts such as Seed mitt, seeding mrthcxl, surfucr <br />manipulations anJ mywrrhitn inoculation are difficult to assess due to the lack of a wmplete factorial <br />design. In teens of shNh cstablishmcnt, some observations that can be made at this time based upon <br />results from Cblrn+yo arc that surface manipulations and the use of a seed mix containing low- <br />competitive native fittbs lacking grasses (plot 2) can result in increased shntb est~iblishmcnt and wvrr <br />t"fable 9). Shrub cover in this plot containing these treatments was IG.S% inside the (erne and 13.9% <br />„utside the fence in 2004. 'Ibis plot represents the hest results for all of Ihe mires and treatmrn~s in the <br />study. 7'he effects of the mycorrhi~a inoculation treatment cannot he rvalunted at this time sine this <br />• trratmrm was only conducted m ('rapper mine and shNb numbers are still to law to allow for adcyuatr <br />.arnpling. <br />