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.~ Fondis Series The Fondis series consists of cell-drained soils that formed in eolian soil materials 1 to 2 feet rek that overlie coarser textured outwuh materi- ls derived from arkosic sedimentary rock. These ently sloping to steep soils are on glands in the northern part mf the Area. Slopes att 1 to 40 psr- ent. The vegetation is short and tall gruses. ~evations are S,s00 to 6,800 feet. Annual ptteipi- tion is 15 to 19 inches. Mean annual soil temper- ature is 17' to SO' P., and the frost-free scum 120 to 135 days. In ^ representative profile the surface layer, out 7 inches thick, is dark grayish-brown clay loam. The upper part of the aubsoil, about 21 ~nches thick, is brown, grayish-brown, and light allowish-brom clay. The lower part of the subsoil s very strongly csleattous sandy clay loam. The rmderlying material is • buried soil that is brown and ttddish-yellow sandy clay loam. It extends to depth of 60 inrl~es or molt, is very strongly cnl- axous, and contains stttaks of lime 2 to 6 ches ride. Fondis soils have slow permeability. Available /~ater capacity is high. Plants can penetrate to ^ depth of 60 inches or acre, except there bedrock is 1st a depth of about 40 inches or belov. Most attu of Fondis soils are in native gruses ~tnd used for grazing livestock. home of the less loping areas are dryfareed. Fondis clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes (FoB).-- Ifhis gently sloping soil is on tablelan and up- lands in the northern part of the Area. Most mapped areas are irregularly shaped and 20 to 400 acres in size. Included rith this soil in mapping are small areas of Fondis clay loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes, Kutch clay loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes, and Buick- gatanta loans, 3~to 9 percent slopes. Also included are small rock outcrops and a few lakes that form during periods of intensive amounts of rainfall. Runoff is medium. The hazard of erosion is slight to moderate. Afar gullies are in drainage- ~rays. Most area of this soil are cultivated and att used to grow wheat, barley, and oats. (Capability unit IIIc-1, dryland; Ile-1, irrigated; Clayey ' Foothill range site) Fondis clay loam, 3 to 9 percent sl_~e~s (Fob).-- This sloping soil is on uplands in the northern ' part of the Area. Most mapped areas ax irttgulsrly shaped and range from 40 to 600 acres in size. Included with this soil in mapping att small areas of Kutch clay loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes, Englewood clay loam, and Denver clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. Also included are • few rock out- crops less than a quarter acre in size. Runoff is medium. The hazard of erosion is moder- ' ate. Gullies are on some of the larger drainagewsys not protected 6y grass. Most area of this soil ax eul tivat ed and att used to grow small grains, mainly chest. A few attu are in native pasture and are used for grazing 1 livestock. (Capability unit iVe-3, dryland; IYe-1, irrigated; Clayey Foothill range site) SOILS EXHIBIT I F'ondi s-Kutch usociation (S to 40 percent slopes) (Fu).--This association is about 50 percent Fondis loam and about 35 percent Kutch sandy loam. These strongly sloping to steep soils are on uplands in the northern part of the Area. In atypical area the Fondis soils are at higher elevations than the Kutch soils. The Fondis soil hu a profile similar to that de- scribed as representative for the series, but the surface layer, about 4 inches thick, is loam. Shale or sandstone is at • depth of 40 inches or more. The Newlin soil has a profile similaz to that de- scribed u representative for the series, but it hu • surface layer of sandy loam 3 to 4 inches thick. Included with these soils in mapping are areas of Kerlin gravelly sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes, and Bresser sandy loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. Also included are afar small areas of Hilly gravelly land that are less than 5 acres in size and afar cliffs that are about 30 to 40 feet high. Taken together these azeu make up about 15 percent of each mapped area. Runoff is meditsr tc rapid. The erosion hazard is acderate to severe. In many places small slips, or "catsteps," 6 to 12 inches high are present where slopes exceed 9 percent. Gullies and headcuts are present along drainageways. These areas are used for grazing livestock and for rildlife habitat. (Fondis soils: capability unit VIe-1; loavry Foothill range site. Kutch soils: capability unit YIe-1; Clayey Foothill range site) r