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INTRODUCTION southeastward component as well of from a few to 50 feet or more - this means that in fact the "plane" of the breccia actually steps away from the viewer at each fault. The workings as shown on the first diagram also serve to roughly delineate the major mines on Smuggler mountain. Near the right-hand edge, for example, most of the levels driven northeastward from the Mollie Gibson shaft are shown as terminating near the Free Silver shaft. This termination essentially defines the boundary between the Mollie Gibson and Smuggler mines. Likewise, the Smuggler levels terminate just to the right of center, as do those driven southwest from an unlabeled shaft (the Della S. incline), defining the Della S. compromise line which separates the Smuggler and Della S. mines. In fact, most of these levels are connected in some manner, usually by short inclines or raises, occasionally by stopes. Also, not all of the features shown in these diagrams are actually in the plane of breccia I. The Cowenhoven tunnel, for example, which extends in or near the breccia from the left side of the page to approximately the Della S. compromise line, turns near that point to a bearing of almost east-west, thus actually projecting out of the page. The Free Silver shaft is actually west of the breccia at the surface, not intersecting it until near the Smuggler 9th level. The workings below the Smuggler 9th level, from the Mollie Gibson to well northeast of the Della S, and connected by the Free Silver shaft through which they were drained, were the result of several cooperative agreements between the various mine owners and were developed between 1909 and 1918, when pumping of the deep levels was stopped. Provisions were made to enable recovery to the 9th level but this has never been done. The mines flooded to the level of the Cowenhoven tunnel where the water level remains today. Smuggler Mountain Ore Handling Exceptionally high-grade ores and native silver were shipped directly to metal refiners. Depending on grade, other ores were sent directly to smelters or milled or concentrated, or both, before shipment and smelting. I am informed that much of the Smuggler mines ores were hand-sorted and shipped without milling or concentration. The difference between concentrators, mills, smelters, and other types of ore treatment works is important, especially in relation to facilities in Aspen. Concentrators. Concentrators used a myriad of gravity separation techniques, most commonly vanners (oscillating conveyors that more or less duplicated the separation action of a shovel or pan) and tables (flat or slightly inclined rectangular decks which relied on oscillating motion, built-in ribs, both, or other Bruce A. Collins - xxviii - SnucGLeR BIDLIOCRnrex