GENERAL41483

• Permit No: M1995097
• IBM Index Class Name: General Documents
• Doc Name: BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INTRODUCTION GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND LIST OF MINERALS
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

INTRODUCTION
of air, soil, and groundwater contamination in 1982 and became
fully involved in 1983 at the request of the Pitkin County Board of
County Commissioners. The Commissioners invited Superfund status
for the Smuggler mountain site by requesting its inclusion on the
EPA's National Priorities List in late 1989.
In 1985 some of the potentially responsible parties (PRPS),
including the developers of several condominiums and a mobile home
park on the lower portion of the site, conducted a Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) under a consent Administra-
tive Order (AO) issued by EPA. The final report on these studies
was issued in March 1986. Subsequently EPA prepared an
Endangerment Assessment in May 1986. This led to an Endangerment
Finding determining that lead and cadmium levels in the soils at
the site posed imminent and substantial risk to public health and
the environment. As a result of these studies and determinations,
and after opportunity for public comment, the Smuggler mountain
Site was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) June 10,
1986.
After additional public comment a Record of Decision (ROD)
was issued in September 1966. The ROD divided the sites into two
"Operable Units", OU-1 and OU-2. oU-1 consists principally of
residences, condominium developments and a mobile home park, along
with the Mollie Gibson mine and mill site and the Smuggler No. 1
tunnel site' at the base of Smuggler mountain. OU-2 appears to
contain the unimproved Williams ranch area and the Smuggler mine
site including the Smuggler shaft, Clark tunnel, and Smuggler No.
2 and 3 tunnels.
The proposed remedies for contaminated soil on OU-1 called
for massive soil excavation and its relocation to a controlled
site. This was conjunctive with significant land-use restrictions
and controls (institutional controls) that would be required in
perpetuity and that would be ensured by Pitkin County.
In response to public concern over the scale of the
"remedies," EPA conducted additional soil sampling and twice
"downsized" the excavation requirements while boosting reliance
The Smuggler No. 1 tunnel, like the nearby and slightly lower
Cowenhoven tunnel, has been plugged for years. Available maps indicate
that it "day-lighted" on the Denver b Rio Grande Railroad right-of-way,
below and northwest of the upper D6RG spur to the Mollie Gibson mine.
I am informed it was driven from the Smuggler shaft through non- or
weakly-mineralized "country rock" (Belden Formation, then glacial drift
and alluvium near-surface) to "day-light" just to the south of the
Smuggler power plant. According to Stefan Albouy the Smuggler No. 1
tunnel was driven principally to run steam pipes from the Smuggler power
plant, located on a bench below the Free Silver shaft near the Smuggler
No. 1 tunnel portal, to and down the Smuggler shaft.
Bruce A. Collins - x - SNUCCLeR BIBLIOGRAPHY