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Chapter 7 Glossary and Acronyms conifer - A tree that produces cones, such as a pine, spruce, or fir tree. contiguous -Lands or legal subdivisions having a common boundary, lands having only a common corner are not contiguous. cooperating agency -An agency which has jurisdiction by law in au action being analyzed in an environmental document and who is requested to participate in the NEPA process by the agency that is responsible for preparing the environmental document [see 40 CFR 1501.6 and 1508.5]. cover -The strata lying between the surface and the seam. critical habitat -Areas formally designated for the survival and recovery of Federally listed threatened or endangered species. cultural resource -The remains of sites, structures, or objects used by people in the past; they can be identified as historical or pre-historic. cumulative effect -Effect on the environment that results from the incremental effect of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such other actions. Cumulative effects can result from individually minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time. cumulative impact -see cumulative effect. direct impact -An impact caused by an action that occurs at the same time and place as the action (see 40 CFR 1508.8). discharge -Any of the ways that groundwater comes out of the surface, including through springs, creeks, or being pumped from a well. endangered species - A plant or animal species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant pottion of its range. Endangered species are identified by the Secretary of the Interior/Secretary of Commerce in accordance with the Endangered Species Act of 1973. erosion -The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice or other geologic agents. landscape character - A teen used in scenery management to refer to a word picture that includes cultural values, positive attributes, and sense of place. scenic integrity - A term used in scenery management to refer to the wholeness or intactness of the landscape. It is expressed in terms of Very High, High, Moderate, Low, Very Low, and Unacceptably Low. floodplain - 1. The nearly level plain that borders a stream and is subject to inundation under floodstage conditions unless protected artificially. It is usually a constructional landform built of sediment deposited during overflow and lateral migration of streams. 2. At a minimum, an area subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. floodplain -The relatively flat area or lowland adjoining a body of flowing water, such as a river or stream, that is covered with water when the river or stream overflows its banks. forage -Vegetation used for food by wildlife, particularly big game wildlife, and domestic livestock. foreground - In scenery management, the detailed landscape generally found within one-half mile of the observer. gateroad -underground roadway contiguous to the longwall panel that provides access to the working face of the longwall pane]. geochemistry -the study of the chemical species, reactions, and processes in soils and rocks and their interactions with atmosphere, surface water, and groundwater. gob -The term applied to that part of the mine from which the coal has been removed and the space more or less filled up with waste.. groundwater -Subsurface water that fills available openings in rock or soil materials to the extent that they are considered water saturated. Dry Fork Lease-By-Application FEIS 7-3