y a , • •
<br />is
<br />A total of 28 elements was deter-
<br />mined in 113 CKD samples. In addition,
<br />seven anion species, carbon dioxide.,
<br />noncarbonate carbon, and chemically
<br />bound water were determined in all sam-
<br />ples. Mercury was determined in 16
<br />selected samples.
<br />Chemical analyses show 13 elements
<br />or anion species occurring in CKD at
<br />concentrations consistently greater than
<br />0.05 wt-pct. These constituents are A1,
<br />Ca, C1-, C02, F-, Fe, K, Mg, Na,
<br />Si, 5042-, Sr, and Ti. The upper
<br />range limits Eor heavy metal concentra-
<br />tions such as lead and zinc are a factor
<br />of 2 or 3 less than the value reported
<br />for a CKD sample Erom 8laubeuren, West
<br />Germany (3).
<br />The U.S. Environmental Protection
<br />Agency EP toxicity test was performed on
<br />all samples. Only 1 of the 113 samples
<br />had a leachate concentration that ex-
<br />ceeded any of the limits; it slightly
<br />exceeded the criterion for lead.
<br />Cement kiln dust is a large-volume
<br />material and a poCential resource as a
<br />substitute Eor Lime. Any environmental
<br />considerations are minor, as the results
<br />of this extensive survey show that U.S.
<br />CKD is not a hazardous waste as defined
<br />by current regulations established under
<br />RCRA.
<br />REFERENCES
<br />1. Agemian, H., and A. S. Y. Chau.
<br />An Improved Digestion Method for the
<br />Extraction of Mercury From Environmental
<br />Samples. Analyst, v. 101, 1976, pp.
<br />91-95.
<br />2. A. T. Kearney, Inc. Multimedia
<br />Assessment and Environmental Research
<br />Needs of the Cement Industry. Contract
<br />68-03-2586, Work Directive 2586-WD1,
<br />USEPA G-195, 1979, 84 pp.
<br />3. Davis, T. A., and D. B. Hooks.
<br />Disposal and Utilization of Waste Kiln
<br />Dust From Cement industry. EPA-670/2-
<br />15-043, 1975, 54 pp.
<br />4. Federal Register. Part IV, Envi-
<br />ronmental Protection Agency: Hazardous
<br />Waste; Proposed Guidelines and Regula-
<br />tions and Proposal on the Identification
<br />and Listing. V. 43, No. 243, Dec. l8,
<br />1978, pp. 58946-59028; 110 CFR, Part
<br />250.
<br />5. Parts II-IK, Environmen-
<br />tal Protection Agency: Hazardous Waste
<br />and Consolidated Permit Regulations. V.
<br />115, No. 98, May 19, 1980, Book 2, pp.
<br />33063-33285; 110 CFR, Parts 260-265.
<br />6. Haynes, B. W. Electrothermal
<br />Atomic Absorption Determination of
<br />Arsenic and Antimony in Combustible
<br />Municipal Solid Waste. Atomic Absorp-
<br />tion Newsletter, v. 17, No. 3, 1978, pp.
<br />49-52.
<br />7. Haynes, B. W., G. W. Kramer, and
<br />J. A. Jo11y. Fluorine and Uranium in
<br />Phosphate Rock Processing and Waste Ma-
<br />terials. BuMines RL 8576, 1981, 17 pp.
<br />8. Haynes, B. W., S. L. Law, and J.
<br />A. Jolly. Eastern Cement Kiln Dust Char-
<br />acterization. Pres. at L10th AI ME Ann.
<br />Meeting, Chicago, i11., Feb.22-26, 1981,
<br />TMS Preprint A81-39, 10 pp.
<br />9. Haynes, B. W., J. C. McConnell,
<br />and S. L. Law. Antimony, Arsenic and
<br />Mercurv in the Combustible Fraction of
<br />Municipal Solid Waste. BuMines RI 8293,
<br />1978, 11 pp.
<br />10. U.S. Congress. Conference Report
<br />on S. 1156, Solid Waste Disposal Act
<br />Amendments. Congressional Record -
<br />House, Oct. L, 1980, pp. H10174-HL0187.
<br />11. Resource Conservation and
<br />Recovery Ac[ of 1976, Public Law 94-580,
<br />Oct. 21, 1976.
<br />12. Wheeler, W. E., and R. R. Oltjen.
<br />Cement Kiln Dust in Diets Eor Finishing
<br />Steers. U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Agricul-
<br />tural Research Service, ARS-NE-88, 9 pp.
<br />~N i.~BU.OF MiN ES.P GH..PY 261)9
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