Laserfiche WebLink
1 ,' .w e • <br />78 <br />(r>0.7, r<-0,7) were found for Al and Ti <br />(r 0.77), Ca and K (r = -0.85), Ca and <br />SOy2- (r = -0.77), and K and SOyz- <br />(r = -0.77). Chlorine and potassium <br />(the mineral sylvite, KC1) showed a <br />positive correlation coefficient of <br />C <br />r = 0.56. The remaining parameters of <br />As, noncarbonate carbon, Cd, Cr, Cu, <br />chemically bound water, Mg, Mn, and Zn <br />had no significant correlations with any <br />of the other parameters. <br />EPA HAZARDOUS WASTE TEST <br />According to EPA regulations, a <br />solid waste must be listed as hazardous <br />if it exhibits ignitability, corrosivi- <br />ty, reactivity, or toxicity, using the <br />extraction procedure outlined in the <br />Federal Register (4-5). CKD does not <br />meet the criteria Eor a hazardous waste <br />under ignitability, corrosivity, or <br />reactivity. Briefly, the EP toxicity <br />test as applied to CKD in this study <br />consisted of adding 100 grams of CKD to <br />1,600 ml of distilled water, gradually <br />adding 400 ml of 0.5-normal acetic acid, <br />and agitating for 24 hours. Although <br />400 ml of acetic acid was the maximum <br />amount specified by the test procedure, <br />the pH never approached the specified pH <br />of 5 +0 .2. The resulting extract in the <br />EP toxicity test must not exceed 100 <br />times the National Drinking Water Stand- <br />ard with respect to the concentration of <br />eight metals: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, <br />Se, and Ag. Table 11 lists the allowed <br />maximum concentrations. Only one sample <br />exceeded any of the limits; this sample <br />(83) exceeded the 5-ug/ml lead <br />limit with an average of 15 ug/ml <br />in duplicate runs. Sample 83 contained <br />the highest lead value of the 113 <br />samples, but this concentration is still <br />a factor of 3 less than the concentra- <br />tion reported in the West German sample <br />(3). <br />Additional supplies of sample 83 could <br />not be obtained Erom the plant to see if <br />this high lead value was anomalous. The <br />highest zinc level was found in sample <br />54 with a concentration of 8,660 <br />ug/g, which is a Factor of 2 Less <br />than the value reported Eor [he West <br />German sample. Although zinc is not a <br />factor in the EP toxicity tests, it is <br />of environmental interest. <br />TABLE I1. - Maximum concentration of <br />contaminants allowed For EP <br />toxicity test (4 5) <br />Maximum <br />EPA hazardous concen- <br />waste number Contaminant tration <br />D004......... Arsenic.... >.U <br />D005......... Barium..... 100.0 <br />D006......... Cadmium.... 1.0 <br />D007......... Chromium... 5.0 <br />D008......... Lead....... 5.0 <br />D009......... Mercury.... .2 <br />DO10......... Selenium... 1.0 <br />D011......... Silver..... 5.0 <br />SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS <br />As part of the Bureau of Mines' min- <br />erals environmental technology program, <br />Che Avondale Research Center has comple- <br />ted an extensive characterization of <br />dusts generated from U.S. cement kilns. <br />Because of the interest of the EPA and <br />Congress (4-5, 10) in CKD as a large- <br />volume waste of unknown environmental <br />impact, the mineralogical and chemical <br />compositions and the hazardous waste <br />potential of CKD were investigated. <br />Data Erom mineralogical analysis show <br />that the major constituents of CKD are <br />calcite, lime, and anhydrite with vary- <br />ing amounts of quartz and dolomite. <br />