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I~ ~ ~ <br />' C]'ANIDE <br />Table 6. Continued. <br />Resource, criterion, <br />and other variables Concentration Reterence^ <br /> Human health (con/inued) <br /> Cereals flours <125 DW 13 <br /> Spices <250 FW 1,13 <br /> Frozen meet <950 FW 1,13 <br /> Bakery products, yeast <1,500 DW 13 <br /> Egg white solids <1,000 DW 13 <br />' Tissue residues <br /> Blood and spleen, in µg/L or µg/kg F]i' <br /> Normal 77 17 <br />' Suspected poisoning >1,000 17 <br /> Whole blood, in µg/L <br /> Usually fatal 1,000-2,000 15 <br />' Whole body, in mg/kg BW <br /> Fatal 4, if taken rapidly 18 <br /> Air, in mg/m3 <br />' Recommended safe levels <br /> Soviet Union, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, <0.3 1 <br /> Czechoslovakia <br /> United States <5 14 <br />' Most countries <11 1,15 <br /> Occupational exposure <br /> Proposed safe level, United Slates <3 15 <br />' Safe ceiling concentration <5 1 <br /> Hazardous levels 9.2-12.4 1 <br />i Soils, in mg/kg DW <br />' Free cyanide <br /> Background 1 20 <br />' Moderate contamination <br />Requires cleanup 10 <br />100 20 <br />20 <br /> Complex cyanide <br /> Background 5 20 <br />' Moderate contamination 50 20 <br /> Requires cleanup 100 20 <br />49 <br />- • 1. Towill ei al. 1978; 2. Smith et al. 1979: 3. DoudoroR 1976; 4. Leduc 1981:5. Leduc 1984; 6. Leduc et al. 1962 7. EPA 1980; 8. <br />E~ekeze and Oehmc 1960; 9. Gomcz et al. 1983; 10. Gomez et el. 1988; 11. Okeke et al. 1985:12. Egekeze and ~ehme 1979: 13. <br />EPA 1973: 14. EPA 1989;15. Marrs end Ballantyne 198 i; 16. Dulour 1988;17. Gee 198 i :18. Shaw 1986:19. Tewt 1982; 20. Bcyer <br />1990; 21. Allen 1990: 22. Clark and Hothem 1991. <br />1 <br />emphasis on point source dischargers, such as in- 1982). Additional research is needed on the origin <br />' dustrial and municipal facilities (Towill et al. of cyanide in wilderness and rural watershed ar- <br />1978;EgekezeandOehme1980;Leduceta1.1982). eas, specifically the roles of organic wastes and <br />Information is needed on the fate of cyanide com- their associated bacterial flora, aquattic vegetation <br />' pounds in natural K~aters, relative contributions of induced by nutrient enrichment, and terrestrial <br />natural and anthropogenic sources, and critical ex- plant cover in the ~•atershed (Leduc 1984). <br />posure routes for aquatic organisms (Leduc et al. <br />Y <br />