ENFORCE26805

• Permit No: C1981013
• IBM Index Class Name: Enforcement
• Doc Date: 2/1/2001
• Doc Name: REPORT CONCERNING AN INVESTIGATION INTO CONTINUED DAMAGE TO THE HOUSE & WATER SUPPLY PIPELINE AT THE
• Violation No.: CV2000009
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

~.
s-lo CIVIL ENGINEERING REFERENCE MANUAL
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25

20
•
standard
. penetration
15
. resistance, N

70

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Sowers.
clays of low plasticity and
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. 0
0 0.5 t.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
• unconfined com pressive strength, tons/ft2
Figure 9.4 Approximate Relationships
• Between N and the Unconfined
. Compressive Strength for Clay

. include deeper parts of fills tinder buildings and pave-

pd ments, as well as earth dams. Al] other fills requiring
some degree of strength or incompressibility are classi-
• fled as class 3.
• Pd
For a given water content, saturation will result from
perfect compaction, since all air will be removed. The
densities resulting from saturation at each water con-
• .. tent can be plotted versus water content, and the result
• Figure 9.5 Proctor Test Results is ]mown as a zero air voids curve.° The theoretical max-
imum density of the zero air voids trove is calculated
• from equation 9.16.
Since the actual compacted density will usually be be-
62
4
low (or above) the maximtmt dry density, the percentage .
P= = Pv' = 9.16
• of compoctivrz is defined a5 pa/ps• w+ ~~) w } ~~)
It is not usually feasible to compact soil to the optimum The maximum value of the zero air voids density occurs
• value derived from the Proctor test. Construction com-
paction methods do not parallel the compaction method at w = 0. At that point, the maximum dry zero air
of the solid itself
l to the densit
voids d
nsit
u
is
used in the test. Usually, some percentage of the max- y
e
y
eq
a
imum Proctor dry density is specified. Table 9.7 lists (~ calculated from the solid specific gravity).
typical values of optimum moisture content for various
max = (62.9)(SG) 9.17
P=d
soil types. as well as the suggested degree otcompaction. ,
•
The degree of compaction suggested in table 9.7 de-
P'4.rnax and pd aze not the same, however, since air
pends on the category of soil use. Class 1 uses include voids exist in the pd case.
. Che upper 9 Feet of fills supporting 1- or 2-story build-

. ings, the upper 3 feet of subgrade under pavements, and
h a The zero air voids curve always lies above the Proctor test
t
e upper 1 foot of subgrade under floors. Class 2 uses curve, sipce tbat test cannot expel all air.
•
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