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.i <br />REPORT TERMINOLOGY <br />(Based on ASTM D653) <br />.I <br />r~ <br />•I <br />.I <br />.~ <br />A//owab/e Soi/ The recommended maximum contact stress developed at the interface of the <br />Bearing Capacity foundation element and the supporting material. <br />A//uvium Soil, the constituents of which have been transported in susp=nsion by flowing <br /> water and subsequently deposited by sedimentation. <br />Aggregate Base A layer of specified material placed on a subgrade or subbase usually beneath <br />Course slabs or pavements. <br />Backfi!/ A specified material placed and compacted in a confined area. <br />Bedrock A natural aggregate of mineral grains connected by strong and permanent <br /> cohesive forces. Usually requires drilling, wedging, blasting or other methods of <br /> extraordinary force for excavation. <br />Bench A horizontal surface in a sloped deposit. <br />Caisson (Dri//ed pier A concrete foundation element cast in a circular excavation which may have an <br />or Shaftl enlarged base. Sometimes referred to as a cast-in-place pier or drilled shaft. <br />Coefficient of A constant proportionality factor relating normal stress and the corresponding <br />Friction shear stress at which sliding starts between the two surfaces. <br />Co//uvium Soil, the constituents of which have been deposited chiefly by gravity such as <br /> at the foot of a slope or cliff. <br />Compaction The densification of a soil by means of mechanical manipulation. <br />Concrete Slab-on- A concrete surface layer cast directly upon a base, subbase or subgrade, and <br />Grade typically used as a floor system. <br />Differential Unequal settlement or heave between, or within foundation elements of a <br />Movement structure. <br />Earth Pressure The pressure or force exerted by soil on any boundary such as a foundation <br /> wall. <br />ESAL Equivalent Single Axle Load, a criteria used to convert traffic tc a uniform <br /> standard, (18,000 pound axle loadsl. <br />Engineered Fit/ Specified material placed and compacted to specified density and(or moisture <br /> conditions under observations of a representative of a geotechr~ical engineer. <br />Equiva/ent F/uid A hypothetical fluid having a unit weight such that it will produ~;e a pressure <br /> against a lateral support presumed to be equivalent to that produced by the <br /> actual soil. This simplified approach is valid only when deform~ition conditions <br /> are such that the pressure increases linearly with depth and the wall friction is <br /> neglected. <br />Existing Fi// (or <br />man-made fi//1 Materials deposited through the action of man prior to exploration of the site. <br />Existing Grade The ground surface at the time of field exploration. <br />Empire Laboratories, Inc. <br />A nivisinn of The Terracon Companies. Inc. <br />,n <br />