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i § 146.65 (B) Hydraulic connrnions wish USDWS; (9) Reliability o(thr procedures used to identify abandoned wells; and (10) Any other factors which might affect the movement of Fluids into or between USDWS. § 146.65 Constrvctlon requirements. (a) General. All existing and new Class 1 haz- ardous waste injenion wells shall be ronswcted and completed lo: (I) Prevent the movemem of Owds into or be- Iween USDWS or into any unauthorized zones: (2) Permit the use of appropriate testing devices and workover tools; and (3) Pelmll COnllnuoux monitoring of Injrcllon tubing and long string casing as required pursuant to ¢136.67(q. (b) Camparibiliry•. All well materials must be compatible wish Fluds with whmh the materials may be expected to come tins contact. A well shall be deemed to have compatibility as long as the materials used in the conswction of the well meet or exceed standards developed for such ma- terials by the American Pelmleum Institute, The American Society (or Telling Materials, or com- parable vandards acceptable to Ihr Director. (c) Ca vng anJ Cernennng of New WrlLc. (I) Casing and cemem used in the conswcfion of each newly drilled well shall be designed for the life expectancy of the well, including the pose-clo- sure rare period The casing and cementing pro- gram shall be designed to prevent the movement of fluids into or hrfwern USDWS, and to prevent potemial leaks of Fluids from the well. In deter- mining and specifying casing and cementing re- quirements, the Director shall consider the follow- ing in(omtation as required by fi 136.70: (i) Depth to the infenion zone; (ii) Injection pressure, external pressure, imemal pressure and axial loading; (iii) Hole size: (iv) Size and grade of all casing strings (well Thickness, diameter, nominal weight, length, join) specification and consimction material); (v) Corrosiveness of infected Owd, formaion Fluids and temperature; (vi) Lithology of injection and confining zones; (vii) Type or grads of cement: and (viu) Quantify and chemical composition of the injected Ruid. (2) One surface casing string shall, al a mini- mum, extend into the confining bed below the lowest formation thin contains a USDW and be cemented by circulating cement from the base of the casing to the surface, using a minimum of 1207 0( the calculated annual volume. The Direc- Tor may rcgmre more than 120'90 when the geol- ogy or other circumstances warrant if. (3) AI least one long string casing, using a suf- ficient number of centralizers, shall extend to the injection zone and shall 6e cemented by circulat- ing cemrm To Ihr sudacr in one or more stages: (i) O( sufficient quantity and qualify m wifh- sfand the maximum operating pressure; and (ii) In a quantity no Irss Than 1207 of the cal- culattd volume necessary fo 011 the annular space. The Director may require more Than 12070 when the geology or other circumstances warrant If. (3) Grculation of cement may be accomplished by staging. The Direcmr may approve an alter- native method of cementing in cases where the ce- ment cannot be recirculated to Ihr surface, pm- VIdCd the owner or operator can demonstrate by using logs thin the cemem is continuous and does not allow Fluid movement behind the well bore. (5) Casings, including any casing connections, muss be rated fo have suffinent structural strength to withstand. (or the design life of the well: (i) The maximum burst and collapse pressures which may be experienced during the consimction, operation and closure of the well, and pi) The maximum tensile stress which may be experienced at any point along the length of Ihr casing during the convmction, operation, and clo- sure of the well. (6) At a mlmmum, cement and cement addnivTes must be of su((¢irm quality and yuan- tify to maintain integrity over the design fife of iht well. (d) Tubing and packet (I) All Class I hazard- ous waste injection wells shall inject Fluids through tubing with a parker set al a paint speci- fied by the Direcor. (2) In determining and specifying requirements (or tubing and packer, the following (actors shall be considered: (il Depth of seeing; (u) Chamclrnstics of infection Flwd (chemical comem, corrovvenrss. Tempeinmrc and density); (iii) Injection pressure; (iv) Annular pressure: (v) Rate (intermittent or cominuous), tempera- ture and volume of injected Fluid, (vi) Size of casing: and (vi0 Tubing tensile, burst, and collapse strengths. (3) The Direnor may approve the use o(a Fluid seal i( he determines thin the following conditions are met: (i) Thr operator demonstrates that the seal will provide a level of protection comparable to a packer: (ii) The operator demonstrates that the staff is, and will remain, adequately trained to operate and maintain the well and to identify and interpret vanations in parameters o(concem, 18