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J50'F, o lull of SO Ib wa•~ in.h~, wnh aJJ,nonal (ull> Of S to 101D after a,^. addiGonat 20 Noun ey [ht time the lest rum6tated alter 312 hours from t}tc rn.urt (u m {njtttlnn tcmpcramrr nl 570'Fl. the (all indicalM tug- 6csted shat the oil-shale block wai tzpandinp, and eacd- ing un increasing load on ii. U(x+n csaminatinn, this proved to bt the tut Fig. S u a vvss scrGonal view of thr owed block after mm~val 0(loose debris, showing eomidcrable swc{ling of tfie bhxk and warping of the biJding ptancs at the uncunfmal tare Laval elongation per unit length (,Oral![! to the bedding planes wx u high as 10 percent. An additional czperiment wu carried out without in- ttrtuptions in the fneattng period. A similar site oil-shale block assaying 25 gal/ton wa> prepared and healed by eircu!ating hot water $taning ai 300 °F, injection tem- paaiures were held eonitanl for 2-day pcnxls and the sempcraturc wu t'ten intrtaSCd in Sa'F increments for a total heating time of g days. Loading of the (el! indicator was nnnccd ns e~dy as 7 hours, but tw lragmenution wu n ~° Jncautl during thc~day hc~Gng puiod. When the enoleJ conuiner wu opened, a 54•Ib piece wu found to [x almost entirely separated from the oil-shalt block and acvcr:J major mrls were appucnt. There was good corrctatsnn between the position of shr nicks normal to IhC 1scJding planr anJ IhC posilmn< Ot dLSIOr1~Ons In (hC bedding Fractures also DCeurted at area where there wu crocked wriatinn in she minus! content. ThesC variatiotu were in she form of strtaks of erysulGne rtutcrial, and were nut eviJcnt in the oil chalc used in the ceeortd ezpmment. Additional heaong at 520'F for 4 additional days enmpleteJ the ezpertmcn:. There wu a tigni(iunt increase in the number of Cra;ks subsequendy observed in the oil shale 61ock, but no fnRmcntation occurted. The avenge thicknet.s of the remaining slab incrused by about 12 pccent. These ezperimcnul routes arc indi~tive tsf the ther- mal strnscs that arc ^nticipmcd in thermal operations in oil shales and of their effect on the gcnrnunn of fnt-taro and (ngmenn near loge fm turfaees Since n~hcolrte, da wsonitc, keragtn, and other miner- als send to derompose upon hating to yicJd dueous products, fluid pressures an inertast aignifiC^ntly within the oil thatc ner a hutz' turfarr Thu increae in internal fluid pressure sxcun whenever the n:e of In- ereuc of the gas volume at a point within the oil shalt exceeds the rate at which tr can flow outward though the rturiz. Since this is likely to occur our a free surface, it lads to spallrng Thts rrrchen:sin, sometimes refcrted to as the "popcorn effect"! is particularly effective with isoltted nahcolite na:ulcs, since nahsoLtc trnds to de- comp~se ai relasivelylow tcmperawres. Solution mining of nahcolite rich beds, franuring wised by thermally indu; cd stresses, and spatting UuSed by lhcrmally mducr~ tinning! fluid prCStuttt afY the mechanisms used to obtain communiwdon within [t1e oi6shalc inrcrvals to tarty out the lathing prucas. TAc rtsuli is a t:ighly permeable pile of tvbbled oi] t4alc with a total pore volume equal to the volume of Ne dissolved nahrnlne (except (or thermal ezpensix, clay twilling, and vthcrcffccts). Thc veniral eatcnt of the permr~blc interval is limited on ilea dow:uide in she proeas volume by the position of the lowermost nahcolite rim bed or zone of intcrcon• rxned nahcolite nodules. On the upside it iz limited by the halite bC115, which are prcferahly Ir!i intact (h} lbm- plcting the procrss well suff,;icntly below the halite) to provide a col betwKn the ovulying low•pressune, water boring lathed zone (eee Ftg. 1) •nd the mlutmn-coins! la[~s volume Sinn tacit l tOlu[iQm mined process volune is ulf•rontaintd. It Gn bt oper- ated at an} rusrartable prnsurc. e.~ ~ i iL.Ca CAInR Favors affecting thr ntc a wlidt pore volume an be °' rude by ilia solution. of the na!s:olite mtlude its colvbility in wars and der circuluitm pactan am,: flow me of the -~ {caching fluid. „! f~~~ Thc solubility of nahrnlitr u shown. in Fig 6 u a ~~-~ function of tcmpmrurc and st wffiriently high presure5 .-~ _~-,_ _. _ to krep the ruhrnl:re Imm d:i>lmpusing into [Odium .. ,m .u ,x rw ,« ,.: .w ~ ~.K .r.n,.•r, ~.,: arbonateandtYrbocdiosidc."ThesolubilisyornahtaT gip b--S~~.ma,ty ornalo~n^ ^~ ry• vr^sss•+u a rse+c:a~ lire itself would be rcdustd nn:c detXlmppiitiun ocasrs. W iempen~t•-e [{though d:r teal dissolved t.Y':um (ai eyvivalcnt tuhoo- SFFrE HBER, IT7 tit ,I tA~ Y~ 1h b' Vs Q ~~~ I Hp. rr-c;rox•saetDna~ ve.. of Dtoa tines n C,. ~c,t of l,+k •paIIInO roc.