Laserfiche WebLink
e <br />ESPEY, HUSTON b ASSOCIATES, INC. <br />• <br />Paleo-Indian aztifact assemblages also include stone scrapers, knives, flake tools and <br />choppers, and a vaziety of bone tools. Paleo-Indian society is inferred to have been <br />organized into nomadic egalitarian bands, which included between 12 and 20 indi- <br />viduals and which operated within a large territory (Hester and Grady, 1977). <br />The Paleo-Indian tradition is divided into three cultural traditions based <br />on time, associated fauna and projectile point styles. The eazliest widely accepted <br />cultural tradition within the Paleo-Indian tradition is the Clovis or Llano Complex. <br />Clovis subsistence patterns reflect primary dependence on the hunting of mammoth. <br />Other extinct mammals hunted during this period include bison (Bison bison <br />antiquus), horse, and camel. The fluted Clovis point is diagnostic of this complex. <br />Dates for the Llano tradition cluster azound 9200 B.C. More recent (to 8500 B.C.) <br />Clovis sites have been described from the Big Horn Basin in northcentral Wyoming <br />(Frison, 1978; Jennings, 1968). To date, no Clovis points in context have been <br />• recovered in northwestern Colorado, although one was found in a disturbed azea <br />southwest of the study azea (Walton, 1979; Wormington, 1979)• <br />Data concerning the Folsom Complex in the region is less scanty. The <br />dates for this tradition range from 9000 B.C. to 7500 B.C. Associated faunal <br />remains consist lazgely of bison. The diagnostic Folsom speaz point is fluted and has <br />a deeply concave base. It is lanceolate in shape with the maximum width near the <br />midline. Folsom hunting techniques include individual and group pursuit, the use of <br />natural traps such as arroyos, bogs or ponds, and buffalo jumps (Wheat, 1972; Wilson, <br />1978; Frison, 1978). A number of Folsom sites have been recorded in northwestern <br />Colorado and southwestern Wyoming, as well as at high altitudes in the Front Range <br />(Walton, 1979, Naze, 1979, Benedict, 1975). <br />Dates for the Plano Complex, the most recent of the Paleo-Indian tradi- <br />tions, extend from 8200 B.C. to 5500 B.C., and overlap with the terminal dates of <br />the Folsom Complex. The aztifact assemblages of the Plano Tradition include a <br />vaziety of pazallel pressure flakes, lanceolate shaped speaz points and flat milling- <br />• <br />E-8 <br />