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god Survey
<br />~f this method
<br />Hater,
<br />osion. Furrow
<br />i irrigation is
<br />iegardless of
<br />applied
<br />most efficient
<br />,ly western
<br />ue grama,
<br />3i1, big
<br />Wiper. Proper
<br />ystem helps to
<br />s. Mechanical
<br />ling to
<br />dense stands
<br />ation of areas
<br />
<br />l.a Plata County Area, Colorado
<br />of rangeland that have deteriorated because of
<br />overgrazing, cultivation, and other disturbance.
<br />Developing livestock watering facilities, fencing, and
<br />deferring grazing improve the distribution of grazing and
<br />help to maintain the condition of the rangeland.
<br />This unit generally is suited to windbreaks and
<br />environmental plantings. It is limited mainly by a lack of
<br />sufficient rainfall in summer. Supplemental irrigation may
<br />be needed when planting and during the early stages of
<br />growth. Cultivation to reduce plant competition
<br />commonly is necessary, particularly while the plantings
<br />are young. Among the trees that are suitable for planting
<br />are ponderosa pine, Russian-olive, Colorado blue spruce,
<br />and eastern redcedar. Among the shrubs are caragana,
<br />lilac, honeysuckle, and sumac.
<br />Wildlife such as mule deer, cottontail, coyote, and
<br />mourning dove and other birds use this unit. They obtain
<br />food from areas of irrigated cropland and from areas of
<br />rangeland. Nearby wooded areas of rangeland provide
<br />protective cover and nesting areas. Suitable
<br />management for wildlife includes protecting the unit from
<br />overgrazing and wildfire and maintaining adequate plant
<br />cover. Areas of rangeland and tall grasses in fence rows
<br />and odd corners of fields can be managed to improve or
<br />to create wildlife habitat.
<br />This unit is moderately suited to homesite and urban
<br />development. Low soil strength and shrink-swell potential
<br />are the main limitations. The foundations of buildings can
<br />be designed to compensate for the shrink-swell
<br />potential. Roads should be designed to overcome the
<br />limitation of low soil strength. The moderately slow
<br />permeability of the soil should be considered when
<br />planning septic tank absorption fields or sewage
<br />lagoons. Absorption fields may need to be made larger
<br />than normal. Sewage lagoons can be sealed to reduce
<br />seepage.
<br />This map unit is in capability subclass IIIe, irrigated
<br />and nonirrigated.
<br />1-Shawa Variant loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes.
<br />This cep, well drained soil is on mountainsides. It
<br />forme in alluvial and colluvial material. Elevation is
<br />6,800 to ,400 feet. The average annual precipitation is
<br />18 to 22 in hes. The average annual air temperature is
<br />a2 to 45 deg es F, and the average frost-free period is
<br />90 to 110 day .
<br />TYPically, the dace layer is grayish brown loam
<br />about 23 inches th k. The next layer is grayish brown
<br />barn about 17 inche hick. The underlying material is
<br />tight brownish gray cob loam that extends to a depth
<br />Of 60 inches or more,
<br />Included in this unit are ab 1 15 percent Nutrioso
<br />barn and small areas of a soil t has more coarse
<br />hagments between depths of 10 d 40 inches than is
<br />hPical of this Shawa Variant soil.
<br />Permeability of this Shawa Variants is moderate.
<br />Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or m .Available
<br />w ter capacity is high. Runoff is medium, and the
<br />of rosion is slight.
<br />is unit is used mainly as woodland, for livest
<br />gra ng, and for homesite development.
<br />Th unit is well suited to the production of por
<br />pine, n the basis of a site index of 78, the pote~
<br />produc ion of marketable timber per acre is 5,22•
<br />feet or 9,360 board feet (International rule) from
<br />even-ag d, fully stocked stand of trees 100 year
<br />Them 'n concerns in producing and harvestin
<br />are refore tation and providing protection from e•
<br />along road and in other areas where vegetatior
<br />been remo d. Harvesting may be restricted dur
<br />periods whe snow accumulates to a great deptr
<br />snowmelt, or wring periods of heavy rainfall.
<br />Reforestation hould be carefully managed to re
<br />competition fro undesirable understory plants.
<br />nursery stock f ilitates reforestation. Proper de:
<br />road drainages terns and care in the placemer
<br />culverts help to ntrol erosion. Spoil from exca
<br />is subject to rill a gully erosion and to sloughir
<br />Roads and landing can be protected from eros
<br />constructing diversi ns and by seeding cuts and
<br />The native vegeta 'on on this unit is mainly pc
<br />pine, junegrass, mow ain muhly, mountain brow
<br />Arizona fescue, bluegr ss, serviceberry, and Ga
<br />oak. Proper grazing us as part of a planned gr
<br />system helps to maintai the quality and quantih
<br />preferred understory. Se ding and deferring gra
<br />facilitate revegetation of eas depleted by hea~
<br />or other disturbances. Dev loping livestock wat
<br />facilities, fencing, and defe ing grazing improve
<br />distribution of grazing and h Ip to maintain the
<br />of the rangeland.
<br />Wildlife such as elk, mule er, cottontail, cod
<br />squirrel, and various species o bird use this un
<br />Wooded areas provide food, s Iter, and protec
<br />cover for wildlife. Nearby areas f cropland alsc
<br />food for some of the wildlife. Sui ble managen
<br />wildlife should include protecting a unit from
<br />overgrazing and wildfire and limitin the cutting
<br />Scope is the main limitation for h esite and
<br />development. Dwellings and roads s ould be d
<br />to overcome these limitations. Them Berate
<br />permeability and scope of the soil show d be co
<br />when designing septic tank absorption 'elds or
<br />lagoons. If the limitation of slope is over ome,
<br />tank absorption fields can be used if they are r
<br />larger than normal. Sewage lagoons may eed
<br />sealed to reduce seepage.
<br />This map unit is in capability subclass Vle,
<br />62- 'clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes.
<br />well draine it is on upland valley bottoms ar
<br />formed in mod tely fine textured alluvium de
<br />shale. Elevation is 00 to 7,200 feet. The av
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