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<br />• <br />forage palatability is poor. Energy retention is fair and protein is <br />poor. <br />GAMHEL OAK: QUERCUS GAMBELII NUTT <br />This native shrub-tree thrives in dry-moist sites from 6,100 to <br />9,000 feet. Reproduction occurs sexually and the plant is non-weedy. <br />Gambel oak is a major poisoner of livestock. Tannins are believed to be <br />the toxic substance in oak. Poisoning of cattle and occasionally sheep <br />and goats on the ranges of the southwest United States is common, <br />especially during drought years. Occasional cases may occur at any time <br />of the year, but the danger season is during the sprouting of new <br />foliage. Acorn poisoning is not as common in North America as it is in <br />Europe. This oak's growth in sandy loam, loam and clay loam on slopes <br />of nll degree is good. Erosion control potential is medium. <br />Establishment requirements are high for this species. Short term <br />revegetation potential is low and long term, medium. High potential <br />biomass production is characteristic of this plant. It provides good <br />cover for all five classes of wildlife. Food value for elk and deer is <br />fair and for game birds, small non-game birds and small mammals, it is <br />good. Cattle and sheep forage palatability is fir. Energy values are <br />fair and protein values are poor. <br />GOLDEN CURRANT: RIHES AUREUM DOUGL. <br />This native currant thrives in moist-wet habitats between 3,500 <br />and 8,000 feet. Thie shrub is neither weedy nor poisonous and <br />• reproduction occurs sexually. Growth in sandy loam, loam and clay loam <br />on gentle and moderate slopes is good. On steep slopes, growth ie fair <br />Mid-term '96 4.4-A-27 September 15,1994 <br />