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• Aspen Woodland (Figure 1) <br />Within this vegetation type, quaking aspen (pspulus tremuloides) thoroughly dominates the plant cover <br />with 48.3 percent cover (54.9 percent relative cover, see Table 1). Tall shrubs including mountain <br />maple (Acer glabrum), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), are <br />often abundant in the understory and reach substantial height as they reach for light through the aspen <br />canopy. In the understory, mountain snowberry (Svmphoricaroos oreophilus) provides a substantial <br />cover (10.2 percent relative cover). Shrubs accounted for 27.3 % relative cover. <br />Native perennial torbs are very numerous (48 species were observed in the type during sampling), but <br />account for a relatively modest 11.2 percent relative cover. Most abundant of these (orbs are western <br />yarrow (Achilles lanulosa), nettleleaf gianthyssop (Agastache urticifolial, northern bedstraw (C~8((pm <br />boreale), Porter's lovage fLigusticum porteri), western aniserool (Osmorhiza occidentalisl, <br />White-flowered peavine (Lathyrus leucanthus), goldenrod ($yJidaoo soarsifloral, stinging nettle (~~ <br />dioica ssp. plg~gt0), valerian (Valerians capitals), and violet (Viola praemorsa), Introduced perennial <br />(orbs are only two, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and common dandelion (Taraxacum otticinale); the <br />former is uncommon though locally abundant when it does occur, while the latter is widespread, but <br />• never abundant. Annual torbs (native or introduced) are scarce in this vegetation type, accounting, <br />together, for only 0.8 percent of total vegetation cover. The most frequently occurring are the natives <br />fringed thistle (Cirsium centaurae), Richardson tansymustard (Descurainia richardsonii), and Douglas <br />knotweed (Polygonum douclasii), and the adventives houndstongue (Cvnoglossum otticinale) and salsify <br />Total vegetation cover in the Aspen Woodland type in the Expansion Area is 87,9 percent (Table 1). <br />Bare soil is only 1.6 percent and litter is also relatively modest at 10.5 percent; rock was not <br />encountered in the sampling. Production observed during the 1990 sampling averaged 804 pounds of <br />oven-dry herbaceous biomass per acre (Table 10). <br />On the average, there were observed to be 4743 shrub stems per acre in the Aspen Woodland type <br />(Table 15). Tree stems (aspen) averaged 609 stems per acre(Table 16). Average species density was <br />observed to be 33.5 species pert 00 sq. m (Table 1). <br />Total vegetation cover for the Aspen Woodland type in the Permit Area was 91.5 percent (Table 6). <br />This was slightly greater than the estimated total vegetation cover for the Aspen Woodland in the <br />. Expansion Area. Conversely, bare soil was halt the value for the Expansion Area, and litter was 3 <br />6 <br />