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® and rate of material extraction, equipment availability <br /> and other considerations. <br /> In general mining is done in five steps: <br /> 1. Topsoil and other soils covering the gravel deposit <br /> are removed by earthmoving equipment. Generally, <br /> removal of these soils is scheduled to precede <br /> gravel removal closely to minimize surface <br /> disturbance. Careful planning of this step allows <br /> the stripped soil to be placed directly in its <br /> final location according to the reclamation plan, <br /> thereby minimizing handling costs and speeding <br /> reclamation activities . <br /> • <br /> 2 . Dry excavation entails the dewatering of the area <br /> to be mined by constructing trenches around its <br /> perimeter to collect the ground water and convey <br /> it away from the operation. <br /> 3. Once the ground water had been drained, excavation <br /> is accomplished by front end loaders and backhoe <br /> loading gravel onto trucks or a conveyor system <br /> for transportation to the processing plant. <br /> • Excavation can also be by scrapers loading the <br /> gravel and transporting it to stockpiles. <br /> B-4 qI-'7AL <br />