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• In reference to the erosion netting a product such as Curlex Excelsior Blankets, Polyjute or similar type products can be utilized to minimize wind and water erosion of the stockpile. The other option would be to use an erosion control geotextile such as one produced by Mirafi, or similar type produced by other manufactures. If these products were used they would be installed per the manufactures recommendation, which typically involves unrolling the product and stapling it to the ground. Likewise, the sections, where required, would be overlapped and stapled to the ground. Redistribution of the soil will be done, wherever practicable, at a time when the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil can be protected from alteration while minimizing the potential for erosion. If feasible, redistribution will take place during the early summer and fall when the soil moisture levels help reduce the emission of particulate dust. Regrading topsoil during these seasons with a dozer or rubber tired blade will also minimize compaction. Frost action plus wetting and drying should loosen most compacted zones to a depth of 20 inches, even in soils with a high clay content, as documented by Shafer et al., (1979). Leaving graded spoils in a roughened condition will alleviate slippage surfaces. Problems with a root penetration are mitigated by application oftopsoil to rough-graded spoil. Numerous field and greenhouse studies conducted by Dr. W.J. McGinnies of the USDA-SEA-ARS on mine spoil from the Energy Mine No. 1 have documented that physical differences between reapplied topsoil and the underlying materials do not affect root penetration. Topsoil will be redistributed on regraded spoils to the depth specified under Rule 2.05.4(2)(6) and shown on Map 29, Reclamation. The reconstructed soil profile depth will be similar to the premine thickness and will be fully • capable of supporting plant growth needed for the proposed postmining land use. The beneficial effects of as little as 2 inches of topsoil were demonstrated by Schuman and Power, 1980 in a paper entitled, "Plant Growth as Affected by Topsoil Depth and Quality of Mine Lands".~( The redistribution will be accomplished with the equipment and in the manner described in Rule 2.05.4(2xa) and (b) above. After redistribution and as soon as conditions allow, the topsoil will be graded to assure a uniform and stable thickness consistent with the proposed postmining land use, contours, surface water drainage system, and revegetation requirements. Application and subsequent blading along the contour will reduce erosion potential of all topsoiled areas. Wind and water erosion control will be accomplished as described under Rule 2.05.4(2)( c) above. The final seedbed will be prepared with a chisel plow. This is designed to relieve compaction, promote moisture infiltration, and encourage root penetration by the seeded vegetation. Reclaimed areas will be drill seeded with a rangeland drill. As soon as conditions permit, the reseeded area will be contour furrowed according to the specifications contained in Figure 12, Design of Typical Contour Furrow. The specific advantages of contour furrowing are discussed in greater detail under the Soil Stabilization Plan presented in Rule 2.05.4(2xc). Concerning the Fish Creek Tipple operation, affected lands within the permit boundary were disturbed prior to the promulgation of regulations requiring topsoil salvage. and storage. Consequently, a mixture of spoil and soil materials will be utilized as a plant growth medium. Additional discussion is found on pages 2.05-37 and 2.05-38 of Volume VII, Fish Creek Tipple/Loadout Operation Appendix. S CNw~+`4~^ o..J ~u.~r-~, r 9 BO , 5 i'~ aM+.~-....r-o cyo rte g.uok~~ ly. I ou..~--', s ~...b:~-; l ~ I $ ; ,. c~ o.,r • ,,..«. st.~.-, w~ ~~-a.,.~+.a ,r VGA.-.f~ c,~~ Pla.:,.~ , ~~~;~~~V~m APR 2 4 2000 Permit Renewal No. 3 ?.OS-108 4/1/99