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66-Ouander stony loam, 15 to 65 percent slopes. This deep, well drained, moderately steep 1o steep soil is on mountainsides at elevations of 6,000 to 9,000 feet. It formed in glacial drill and coiluvium hum mixed rock sources. The average annual precipitation is about 74 to 1B inches, the average annual air temperature is about 97 to 42 degrees F, and the Irost•free season is about 30 to 60 days. Small areas of Youga loam, Woodhall loam, Arnik loam, and Clayburn loam are included in mapping. Typically the Quander soil has a suAace layer of very dark grayish brown stony loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 40 inches of the subsoil is pale brown and Gght yellowish brown very stony sandy clay loam about 40 inches thick. The lower 7 inches is Gght yellowish blown extremely stony loam that extends to fi0 inches or more. Permeability is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. The available water capacity is moderate. Surface rurwtf is rapid, and the eresion hazard is hiyh. Most of the acreage is rangeland (fig, 15). Part of it is used Ior recreation and wildlife. The cold climate and short growing season limit the production of introduced grasses and preclude the use of this soil as Cropland. The rangeland vegetation is dominantly bluebunch whealgrass, Idaho fescue, big sagebrush, end bitter- brush. As range condition deteriorates, tHg sagebrush becomes dominant. Deferred grazing and grazing management are needed to maintain Or improve range condition. The soil is too stony and the stapes are too steep to be seeded with a drill trig. tfi). Brush control can improve range condition if big sagebrush becomes dominant. This soil provides spring and faG transition range Ior mule deer and elk. Outer wildlife include sage grease, cotontail, jaelrrabbit, and coyote. Livestock grazing man- agement and sagebrush control are necessary to protect hig game range. Steep slopes and large stones are the soil properties most limiting to community development. Road design should provide drainage outlets for surface runoff. Cut and fill slcpes should be designed to minimize soil sNp- page. The capability subclass is Vlts. 94-Youga loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes. This deep; well drained, moderately sloping to strongty sloping soil occupies mquntain tans, swales, and depressioc~ at ele- vations of 8,000 to 9.000 feet. it formed in glacial drift ar:d colfuvium. The average annual precipitation is about. 18 to 20 inches, the average annual ab temperature is about 37 to 42 degrees F, and the frost-free season is about 30 to 60 days. Small areas of Ouander cobbly loam and Gaybum loam are included in mapping. Also included are a few small areas of soils that aze red but are otherwise similar t0 the YDUge Sq~l. . ysv~lty the surface layer of this Youga soil is dark grayish brown foam about 1 inches thick. The upper t0 inches of the subsoil is dark grayish brown bam. The lower 42 inches is reddish yellow clay loam. The substra+ rum is reddish yelow clay loam that extends !0 60 inches or more. Permeability is mederatety slow. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. The available water capacity is high. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. Most of the acreage is rangeland. Part of it i§ used for recreation and witdlile. A small acreage is irrigated and used for hay. The coM climate and short growing season limit the producton of inVoduced grasses and preclude the use of this soft as cropland. Wheatgrass, muuongrass, 4daho fescue, and trig sage- brush are the dominant species in the rangeland vegeta- tion. Grazing no more than 50 percent of the key species, by weight of the current season production. will melntain the condition of this site. Where shrubs have become dominant, brush conUOi can improve range condition. Seeding may be needed if the site is in poor condition. An<-ona fescue, big bluegrass, slender whealgrass, smccth brume, western whealgrass, and 'mtemtediate whealgrass are suitable for seeding. The seed Should be drilled into a firm seedbed. This soil provides spring and fall transition range for mule deer and elk. Other wildlife include sage grouse; jackrabbit, cottontail, and coyote. Managing livestock grazing and controuing sagebrush are necessary to pro= tact the big game range. The shdnk-swell potential and the sbpe are the soil- properties most limiting to community development. The capability subclass is Vle.