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after the last tillage operation to allow the soil to settle and firm up. 2.) Planting period - Planting should be done either in the spring up until April 30th, between August 15th and September 30th, or from October 15th and before snow or frozen soil prohibits seeding. 3.) Method of planting - In areas where it is feasible planting should be done with a grass drill or adapted grain drill. If the use of a drill is not feasible seed should be broadcasted evenly over the area using a mechanical broadcast seeder. Seed should be planted at a depth of 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch. If seed is broadcasted, it should be raked to cover it to the proper depth. 4.) Seeding Mixture - A seeding mixture of cool season grasses is recommended. See CO-ECS-S, Grass Seeding Planned, for recommended grass species and seeding rates. All seeding rates on CO-ECS-5 are for plantings done with a drill. If seed is broadcasted rates should be doubled. 5.) Fertilization - All seeded areas should be fertilized to enhance grass establishment. A soil test should be done to determine the proper amount of fertilizer to be applied. 6.) Mulching - Mulching should be done on slopes to reduce soil erosion and improve moisture conditions. Clean, weed free grass hay or grain straw should be spread evenly over the newly planted areas at a rate of 4,000 pounds per acre. At least 50% of the mulch by weight should be 10 inches or longer. Mulch should be anchored into the soil by crimping. 7.) Post-emergent weed control - Control of competitive weeds is important in the establishment of a grass seeding. Mowing or chemical application are effective ways to control weeds depending upon the species of weeds present. If herbicides are used to control weeds grass should be in the 3 to 5 leaf stage before application. Caution should be taken when using herbicides in close proximity to water. Only use those herbicides approved for use near water. Always follow all label recommendations for handling and application. C.) OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 1.) The applicant should contact the US Army Corp of Engineers for the appropriate permit/clearance needed, if any, before mining operations begin.