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<br />1 <br />' PART II HISTORICAL CONTEXT, RESEARCH DESIGN, NATIONAL <br />REGISTER EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT PLAN <br />1 <br />Introduction <br />' Part II of this report presents information integrating the site with regional historic contexts, <br />identifies reseazch topics and questions that are pertinent to and can be addressed with infonnation <br />' at and relating to the site, provides a recommendation for National Register evaluation under the <br />guidance of the context and research potential, and finally presents a treatment plan to mitigate <br />' impacts proposed for the site. <br />' Historical Context <br />General Historical Overview <br />An chronology of events that more accurately integrates the historical activity of the Hispanic <br />occupants of northern New Mexico and southem Colorado is being developed using the extant <br />' historic record but, more importantly, incorporating results from recent historical archaeological <br />studies. It attempts to more accurately portray the activity of Spanish and Mexican exploration and <br />their impacts upon the landscape of the region presently comprising the American Southwest. The <br />t region underwent its last political change afrer the American takeover in 1849. It created a unique <br />transformation in the region termed by historians as the Spanish Borderlands (Bolton 1964; Bannon <br />' 1974; Weber 1992). In particular, the successful New Mexican adaptation to the climes of northern <br />New Mexico resulted in migrations into several distinct yet similar geographic zones in southem <br />Colorado, such as the San Luis Valley; along the Rio Grande and its tributaries; and the Purgatoire <br />' and Huerfano river valleys in southeastern Colorado, tributaries of the Arkansas river, all <br />representing similar environments as those of northern New Mexico (Kutsche et al. 1976; Weber <br />1980; Camllo 1985, 1990, 1995, 1996; Carrillo and Barnes 1990; Carrillo and Mehls 1992a, 1992b, <br />' 1993; Carrillo et al. 1989, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997; Carrillo and Petersen 1995; Earles et al. 1987; <br />Hazdesty et al. 1995). <br />' A framework has been developed to facilitate an understanding of the complexity inherent <br />in archaeological sites of the historic period from the region of the Spanish Borderlands, especially <br />when confronted with historic sites representing utilization by both Hispanic New Mexicans and <br />' AngloAmericans. Using such a framework, sites may be viewed as integral components of frontier <br />• interaction networks that functioned during a specific time period or periods. Two distinct <br />perspectives, reflecting both American and Hispanic views of the frontier, are incorporated in the <br />' historical overview. The consequential outcomes of the different perspectives are evidenced in the <br /> <br />