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2.1.1 Review of Blasting Vibration Phenomena: <br />Wh1'n ~•rplosivr charges delunad~ in rul~k, ru•arly all oi~~h1• available encr~y is used in brcakin~ and <br />displacing the rockmevss. However, a small portion ol~ihe enemy is released in the Iona of vibration <br />wavers, which radiatr away From blast chal;~rs. Nlhen ~hcsr elastic sprain-waves pass through rock <br />or rrartlr, they cause an oscillatinr~ nultion in the ground particles. <br />Abbreviations: <br />SH =Shear wave, horizontal <br />SV =Shear wave, vertical <br />K = LZaylci,tih wave <br />Y = Compressional wave <br />.~ ~ <br />',, P s` <br />Warm ExmnY j ~ - ,! '~~ ,~/ <br />SH /(/ <br />P <br />Point of Shox ~ / ~~' <br />R <br />i~ar_tiu•e ?. I -i/76raiion Waves <br />tieiantir way-Q'; ah~r~~s- =.~iih alisLun-=~,~= ih~~t~ ar~p~~~~l ahr+ss;;~h ~h~~ ~;~n-r~>j~~~~iiu~ a~~~~at. 9~hvs,• .~bz~e~~•s l~au~- <br />diil<~re-o1 klcnrs. «Ieh ,as bntly .anal ;nria~~1~ ways. R''ru~ir ~~Ilarise?~'visUrti will v~t1't~ s~~mewh:u with <br />~'Iraia,ges in IU~'al ';,~'~~l~H~b 1111 it"k' r'_Nt• ,li b~~hi~'11 Ih~')~ alir v~ill i5 ri'£15~v1$Irly rrnRii:;h`I le., :Ind alllUVV. <br />icy{ulainrY ,t~{rllrir~ I~~ rnlti l'~>I {i{4c;iin:~,~-,j x~1-,ti i~111~~ i1~- inr,.u i:; ui~ irltti i~nc;0ups li~~i~ro=~=.•~I ~lirdallrl~ ai111 <br />th1• rtiplosive+h.n;~e ~luaniii la's. Farb ainal' d1?<°.1isi_.Ini;• is ttlxahled, ih1' ~tbratu In inicv2siiv drnp.a iu <br />;Ihri11 I/3 0l +[s fia'nu°r valnc. p~llr ~~nrlKlsia~nry QIf ground wuotinn Fattenualion is ;npporic'd by <br />mv1°areh don1~ by 11.5. linrcau ul~ 1~lines tl`v irhnls et al., 1`d7!f). i1~e rssa+~~hers I~rund tha! undl•r <br />widrly var~rill,~ ~-ondilions, il~a seal.°d dia~aore of 311-liil{r:~y is used to limi! I~hal;~r wrigbl~ti, i1 is <br />hi~hty un&kely that ground anotion would cause an damergc~_ Por the purposes of ground vibrt(ion <br />aausrnems, scalyd disuulce ISl)j is distance Iham the biatil divided <br />