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ASME B31.3-2016 <br /> process unit: an area whose boundaries are designated (b) groove weld: the joint penetration (depth of bevel <br /> by the engineering design within which reactions,sepa- plus the root penetration when specified). The size of a <br /> rations, and other processes are carried out. Examples groove weld and its effective throat are the same. <br /> of installations that are not classified as process units are slag inclusion: nonmetallic solid material entrapped in <br /> loading areas or terminals, bulk plants, compounding weld metal or between weld metal and base metal. <br /> plants, and tank farms and storage yards. <br /> soldering:a metal joining process wherein coalescence is <br /> quench annealing: see solution heat treatment under heat produced by heating to suitable temperatures and by <br /> treatment. using a nonferrous alloy fusible at temperatures below <br /> quenching: see heat treatment. 427°C (800°F) and having a melting point below that of <br /> the base metals being joined. The filler metal is distrib- <br /> reinforcement: see paras. 304.3 and A304.3. See also weld uted between closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capil- <br /> reinforcement. lary attraction.In general,solders are lead-tin alloys and <br /> room temperature: temperature between 10°C and 38°C may contain antimony,bismuth, and other elements. <br /> (50°F and 100°F). solution heat treatment: see heat treatment. <br /> root opening:the separation between the members to be stress ratio: see Fig. 323.2.213. <br /> joined, at the root of the joint. stress relief.• see heat treatment. <br /> safeguarding: provision of protective measures of the stress terms frequently used: <br /> types outlined in Appendix G,where deemed necessary. (a) basic allowable stress: this term, symbol S, repre- <br /> See Appendix G for detailed discussion. sents the stress value for any material determined by <br /> seal bond: a bond intended primarily to provide joint the appropriate stress basis in para. 302.3.2 <br /> tightness against leakage in nonmetallic piping. (b) bolt design stress: this term represents the design <br /> stress used to determine the required cross-sectional area <br /> seal weld: a weld intended primarily to provide joint of bolts in a bolted joint <br /> tightness against leakage in metallic piping. <br /> (c) hydrostatic design basis: selected properties of plas- <br /> semiautomatic arc welding: arc welding with equipment tic piping materials to be used in accordance with <br /> that controls only the filler metal feed. The advance of ASTM D2837 or D2992 to determine the HDS [see (d) <br /> the welding is manually controlled. below] for the material <br /> severe cyclic conditions: conditions applying to specific (d) hydrostatic design stress(HDS): the maximum con- <br /> piping components or joints for which the owner or the tinuous stress due to internal pressure to be used in the <br /> designer determines that construction to better resist design of plastic piping, determined from the hydro- <br /> fatigue loading is warranted. See Appendix F, static design basis by use of a service (design) factor <br /> para. F301.10.3 for guidance on designating piping as submerged arc welding(SAW):an arc welding process that <br /> being under severe cyclic conditions. produces coalescence of metals by heating them with <br /> an arc or arcs between a bare metal electrode or elec- <br /> shall: a term that indicates a provision is a Code trodes and the work. The arc is shielded by a blanket <br /> requirement. of granular, fusible material on the work. Pressure is <br /> shielded metal-arc welding (SMAW): an arc welding pro- not used and filler metal is obtained from the electrode <br /> cess that produces coalescence of metals by heating them and sometimes from a supplemental source (welding <br /> with an arc between a covered metal electrode and the rod, flux, or metal granules). <br /> work. Shielding is obtained from decomposition of the tack weld: a weld made to hold parts of a weldment in <br /> electrode covering.Pressure is not used and filler metal proper alignment until the final welds are made. <br /> is obtained from the electrode. tempering: see heat treatment. <br /> should:a term that indicates a provision is recommended thermoplastic:a plastic that is capable of being repeatedly <br /> as good practice but is not a Code requirement. softened by increase of temperature and hardened by <br /> size of weld: decrease of temperature. <br /> (a) fillet weld: the leg lengths(the leg length for equal- thermosetting resin:a resin capable of being changed into <br /> leg welds) of the sides,adjoining the members welded, a substantially infusible or insoluble product when <br /> of the largest triangle that can be inscribed within the cured at room temperature, or by application of heat, <br /> weld cross section. For welds between perpendicular or by chemical means. <br /> members, the definitions in Fig. 328.5.2A apply. throat of a fillet weld: <br /> NOTE: When the angle between members exceeds 105 deg,size (a) theoretical throat: the perpendicular distance from <br /> is of less significance than effective throat (see also throat of a the hypotenuse of the largest right triangle that can be <br /> fillet weld). inscribed in the weld cross section to the root of the joint <br />