2018-07-11_PERMIT FILE - C1981019 ‎(2)‎

• Permit No: C1981019
• IBM Index Class Name: Permit File
• Doc Date: 7/11/2018
• Doc Name: Cultural Resource Discovery Report and Historic Properties Treatment Plan Site BK-2-062518
• Section_Exhibit Name: Volume 16 Exhibit 5 Item 10
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

Cultural Resource Historic Properties Treatment Plan for BK -2-082818 Colowyo Coal Company
3.1 Research Design
Tetra Tech developed the following research design based on the cultural material discovered at
the site; previous project data recovery work, the Collom Expansion baseline inventory work, and
the existing cultural resource knowledge base in northwestern Colorado. Research questions
presented here are designed to overlap and support one another. Information contributing to one
question will help support another and yield a more comprehensive overall analysis of the study
area.
3.1.1 Cultural Chronology
Prehistoric archaeological research requires a strong cultural chronology baseline. Without quality
data regarding the potential age and duration of cultural signatures, higher level research
questions cannot be pursued. Chronologies have been developed specifically for western
Colorado (Black 1991, Reed and Metcalf 1999, Stiger 2001). The chronologies are based on
regionally specific research and cultural resource management investigations. Reed and Metcalf
(1999:6) constructed their prehistoric context for the northern Colorado River Basin around a
chronology divided into various sequential eras, traditions, phases, and periods (Table 1).
Table 1. Northern Colorado River Basin Cultural Chronology (Reed and Metcalf
1999)
Era
Tradition/Period/Phase
Data Range
Paleoindian Era
11,500-6400 B.C.
Clovis tradition
11,500-10,500 B.C.
Goshen tradition
11,000-10,700 B.C.
Folsom tradition
10,800-9500 6.c
Foothill -Mountain tradition
9500-6400 B.C.
Archaic Era
6400-400 B.C.
Pioneer period
6400-4500 B.C.
Settlement period
4500-2500 B.C.
Transitional period
2500 — 1000 B.C.
Terminal period
1000-400 B.C.
Formative Era
400 B.C. —A.D. 1300
Anasazi tradition
A.D. 900 - 1100
Fremont tradition
A.D. 200 — 1500
Gateway tradition
400 B.C. —A.D. 1300
Aspen tradition
A.D. 1-1300
Protohistoric Era
A.D. 1300-1881
Canalla phase
A.D. 1100-1650
Antera phase
A.D. 1650-1881
Placing the site into an established regional chronology such as Reed and Metcalf's (1996:6) is
critical to the interpretation of all subsequent collected data. On an intersite basis, the radiometric
and diagnostic artifact dates (if any) will be used to situate the site within the broader regional
chronology and the cultural signature researchers have associated with that era(s), tradition(s),
phase(s), and period(s). On an intrasite basis, multiple radiometric dates and temporally
Tetra Tech June 29, 2018