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In depositional or flood plain areas,goals for saltcedar nesting habitat by a surveyor with a scientific permit may <br /> control can vary widely and may include enhancing wildlife be required for a saltcedar site prior to treatment if the <br /> habitat,minimizing potential fire hazard,regenerating nesting status of the site is undetermined.Within occupied <br /> native riparian communities,or meeting other multiple-use or suitable flycatcher habitat,saitcedar treatment operations <br /> needs. (including ground or aerial herbicide spraying)should <br /> not occur during the flycatcher nesting period of April 15 <br /> Saltcedar potentially serves as nesting habitat for the to August 30.Other migratory birds also nest from April <br /> endangered southwestern willow flycatcher(Ernpidonax through August,and saltcedar treatment during this period <br /> traillii extimus)which is protected under the Endangered should be avoided if possible.When nesting habitat of the <br /> Species Act of 1973.To avoid harm to this species, southwestern willow flycatcher is present,a quarter mile <br /> information should be obtained from the U.S.Piste and Wildlife Service(Arizona,phone(602)242-0210;New buffer surrounding the nest(s)is necessary. <br /> Mexico,phone(505)248-6920)before implementing Control and restoration of saltcedar infested areas over the <br /> treatment of saltcedar stands of a quarter acre or more in long term requires an integrated management approach. <br /> riparian or wetland areas.A formal survey for flycatcher Selection of effective control methods depends on specific <br /> Table 1. Control Decisions <br /> Site Factor Physical Control Cultural BiologicalControl Control Chemical Control <br /> Goal is to eradicate or provide high Excavation,grubbing, NA NA Targeted application with a lethal <br /> mortality. and root plowing/ herbicide.Methods include cut <br /> raking. stump,foliage spray,and aerial <br /> application. <br /> Goal is to suppress. Mowing,shredding, Grazing by NA Sublethal herbicide application <br /> mulching,scraping, goats or other that defoliates but does not kill <br /> and fire. livestock. the tree. <br /> Site is easily accessible and targeted Excavation and NA NA Cut stump method,IPTI foliage <br /> control is needed. grubbing. spray,aerial application by <br /> helicopter. <br /> Site is difficult to access and targeted NA NA NA Cut stump,IPT foliage spray, <br /> control is needed. aerial application by helicopter. <br /> Open areas on a flood plain.. Excavation,grubbing, NA NA Aerial application. <br /> and root plowing/ <br /> raking. <br /> Protection of other resources(cultural Hand removal or NA Cut stump method,IPT foliage <br /> resources,wildlife,endangered selective mechanical spray, <br /> species,etc.)is necessary. removal. <br /> Emergent seedlings are on tillable Shallow disking. Prolonged NA Low volume broadcast spray. <br /> land. flooding <br /> Sparse to moderate stands of young Excavation and Grazing with NA IPT or broadcast foliage spray. <br /> saltcedar or re-growth. grubbing. goats <br /> Older growth,dense uniform stands. Large-scale clearing NA NA Aerial application by helicopter or <br /> (root plowing/raking). fixed-wing aircraft. <br /> 'Although saltcedar leaf beetles(Diorhabda elongara)have been released as biological control agents in portions of the western U.S.,the beetle species <br /> currently cannot be released in Arizona or New Mexico pending review of regulations by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service. <br /> IPT—Individual plant treatment <br /> 2 <br />