2018-03-19_PERMIT FILE - C1981019 ‎(2)‎

• Permit No: C1981019
• IBM Index Class Name: Permit File
• Doc Date: 3/19/2018
• Doc Name: Data Recovery Results Report for Sites 5MF.8393, 5MF.8394 and 5MF.8395
• Section_Exhibit Name: Volume 16 Exhibit 5 Item 9
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

Data Recovery Report for Three Sites at the Collom Project Colowyo Coal Company
2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND RESEARCH DESIGN
The following is a Project specific regional prehistoric context and research design. The historical
context is not an exhaustive review of all prehistoric people, places, and material manifestations
that have been documented in northwestern Colorado. Instead, the context focuses on the
information that supported the data recovery research designed and analysis of the cultural
material recovered from each site. The research design was developed using the site specific
contextual information and regional staff archaeological experience. The research design was to
focus the methodologies and field work efforts on the discovered cultural material and theories of
what most likely would be found during data recovery. The goal was to ensure recovery of
additional data relevant to the known regional prehistoric archaeological record and the
encountered cultural material at each site. The resulting analysis was then to be applied it to the
predominant regional research questions positing by previous researchers.
2.1 Historic Context
Archaeologists have divided the northwestern Colorado's archaeological record into several
temporal and cultural units based on variations in recovered material cultural. The variations are
argued to be reflective of technological, organizational, and subsistence practice changes through
time. The most recent regional prehistoric context is Colorado Prehistory. A Context for the
Northern Colorado River Basin (Reed and Metcalf 1999). The constructed prehistoric cultural
chronology encompassed all documented archaeological manifestations from the basins and
uplifts of northwestern Colorado including the region that encompasses the current project area
(Table 1). The chronology is divided into various eras, traditions, phases, and periods based on
the authors review of the available archaeological data and their own research experience
working throughout the region. The following context was scaled to emphasize those portions of
the chronology most relevant to the cultural material recovered during current undertaking.
Table 1. Northern Colorado River Basin Cultural Chronology (Reed and Metcalf 1999)
Era
Tradition/Period/Phase
Data Range
Paleoindian Era
11,500-6400 B.C.
Clovis tradition
11,500-10,500 B.C.
Goshen tradition
11,000-10,700 B.C.
Folsom tradition
10,800-9500 B.c
Foothill -Mountain tradition
9500-6400 B.C.
Archaic Era
6400-400 B.C.
Pioneer period
6400-4500 B.C.
Settlement period
4500-2500 B.C.
Transitional period
2500-1000 B.C.
Terminal period
1000-400 B.C.
Formative Era
400 B.C. - A.D. 1300
Anasazi tradition
A.D. 900-1100
Fremont tradition
A.D. 200-1500
Gateway tradition
400 B.C.-A.D. 1300
Aspen tradition
400 B.C.-A.D. 1300
Protohistoric Era
A.D. 1300-1881
Canalla phase
A.D. 1100-1650
Antera phase
A.D. 1650-1881
Tetra Tech February 2018