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black powder load, perhaps with a paper patched bullet intended for a single shot rifle. The <br />last black powder load by Winchester was in 1935 (Shuey 1999 v.I:297). The best guess for <br />a production date for specimen FS#3 is somewhere between 1886 and 1894. <br />The rifles that the 38-55 round may have been used in were both single shot and <br />repeating rifles/carbines by Winchester, Ballard, Colt, Stevens, Marlin and Remington. It <br />was a popular hunting round for deer sized animals, and also for competition target shooting <br />(Banes 2000, p.79). The 38-55 has regained some of its lost popularity in recent years with <br />modern black powder and cowboy action shooters. <br />Evaluation and Management Recommendations <br />Based on artifacts FS#2 and FS#3, the site likely dates between 1886 and 1895. The <br />heavy vegetation cover of the site precluded the potential discovery of additional information <br />important to the history and/or prehistory of the region (Criterion D). Accordingly, the site is <br />field evaluated as need data and testing is recommended to make a final determination of <br />eligibility. The site may be affected by any surface disturbing activities <br />Site 5MF7794, a prehistoric open camp, is located in the drainage bottom of Jeffway <br />Gulch in the Williams Fork Mountains at an elevation of 7075 feet. Vegetation consists of <br />sagebrush, grasses, serviceberry, and Gambel oak. The site is underlain by Cretaceous age <br />sandstone, shale, and major coal beds of the Williams Fork formation. Soil on the site is <br />light brown clay loam with a depth of up to 60 inches. The soil, Hesperus loam, is found on <br />plateaus and hills and is well drained and formed from loess and alluvium derived from <br />derived from sandstone and shale (USDA NRCS 2004). The site is located on the bank of <br />Jeffway Gulch and is 42 meters northeast of an unnamed reservoir. <br />Grand River Institute newly recorded the site during the present project. A boundary <br />measuring 54 by 52 meters was established around the observed cultural materials. The <br />resource is characterized by one thermal feature (Feature 1), a metate, and two manos. <br />Feature 1 consists of four oxidized sandstone slabs in an area measuring 50cm in <br />diameter. No charcoal or ash was observed; potential for radiocarbon dating is poor. The <br />metate is a long, narrow, sandstone shallow basin with unifacial grinding. One of the manos <br />is a quartzitic cobble with unifacial pecking and grinding on the flat end. It is located 3.5 <br />meters to the southeast of the metate. The second mano is a quartzitic cobble with unifacial <br />pecking. <br />Evaluation and Management Recommendation <br />Based on the geology, soil depth, topography, and other documented archaeological <br />sites in the area, subsurface deposits are considered likely. The site is field evaluated as need <br />data. Testing is recommended to make a final determination of eligibility. The site may be <br />affected by any surface disturbing activities <br />27 <br />