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1.5 Permanent Impoundment Demonstration <br />Permanent impoundments planned as part of the post -mining land use on reclaimed rangelands at <br />Trapper Mine include small Livestock Water Tanks (LSWT's). These ponds are all less than two acre-feet <br />in volume and function exclusively to provide much needed drinking water to wildlife and livestock species. <br />In this semi -arid region of the West these types of ponds are of crucial benefit to reclaimed rangelands as <br />they greatly improve grazing distribution and vegetation utilization. Without the adequately distributed <br />water supplies that these ponds provide, wildlife and livestock species tend to congregate around scarce <br />available water supplies and grossly over -utilize a small part of the range while failing to adequately utilize <br />the majority of the range. This proves to be detrimental to both plant and animal resources. <br />Livestock Water Tank locations are given on Map 1. The only LSWT included in this Phase II bond <br />release application is Oak #2. It is located in reclaimed parcel Z -A-13. Oak #2 holds water sporadically <br />during spring and late fall. Because of its strategic location relative to future livestock watering and big <br />game migration, Trapper proposes to leave this impoundment as a permanent structure on the reclaimed <br />landscape. <br />16 <br />