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3.6 COMPACTION AND MOISTURE CONTROL <br />A. General: <br />1. Uniformly moisten or aerate each fill or backfill layer before compaction to within <br />moisture content tolerances specified in this Section. <br />2. Do not place backfill or embankment fill material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, <br />or contain frost or ice. <br />3. Remove and replace, or scarify and air-dry otherwise satisfactory soil material that is <br />too wet to compact to specified density. Stockpile or spread and dry removed wet <br />soil material. <br />4. Place backfill and embankment fill materials evenly on all sides of structures to <br />required elevations. Place backfill and embankment fill uniformly along the full <br />length of each structure. <br />B. Lift Thickness, Placement Density and Moisture Requirements for Soil Materials <br />Containing Appreciable Amounts of Clay or Silt, and Having Maximum Particle Sizes of <br />3 -inches or Less: For embankment fill and backfill materials containing greater than 12 <br />percent by dry weight of particles passing a U.S. No. 200 standard sieve, place backfill <br />and embankment fill materials in layers not more than 8 -inches in loose depth for <br />material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 -inches in loose <br />depth for material compacted by hand -operated tampers or walk -behind compactors. <br />Compact each layer of backfill or embankment fill material to at least 95 percent <br />maximum dry density, at a moisture content within 2 percent wet or dry of optimum <br />moisture content in accordance with ASTM D 698. <br />C. Lift Thickness, Placement Density and Moisture Requirements for Soil Materials <br />Containing Negligible Amounts of Clay or Silt, and having Maximum Particle Sizes of 3 - <br />inches or less: For embankment fill and backfill materials containing less than 5 percent <br />by dry weight of particles passing a U.S. Standard No. 200 sieve, place backfill and fill <br />materials in layers not more than 12 inches in loose depth for material compacted by <br />heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 6 inches in loose depth for material <br />compacted by manually controlled equipment. Place and compact these materials in <br />areas indicated as follows: <br />1. In embankment zones: Place materials in a manner that prevents segregation of <br />coarse and fine fractions within the zone. Compact with a minimum of four passes <br />(with a pass defined as at least one complete coverage of the track) over the entire <br />surface with the track of a crawler -type tractor weighting at least 20 tons, or by <br />controlled movement of the hauling equipment so that the entire surface is traversed <br />by not less than one tread track of the loaded hauling equipment. <br />2. Drain Rock: Place materials in a manner that prevents segregation of coarse and fine <br />fractions within the zone. Compact as described in 3.6.C.1 above in areas accessible <br />to heavy equipment. In areas inaccessible to heavy equipment compact by manually <br />Earthwork February 2017 02200-8 <br />