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2016-10-20_PERMIT FILE - C1981035A (18)
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2016-10-20_PERMIT FILE - C1981035A (18)
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Last modified
9/11/2019 9:37:54 AM
Creation date
11/16/2016 1:41:53 PM
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DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
C1981035A
IBM Index Class Name
Permit File
Doc Date
10/20/2016
Doc Name
Cultural and Historic Resources Survey
Section_Exhibit Name
KII Appendix 03
Media Type
D
Archive
Yes
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Dinetah phase as occurring between ca. A.D. 1550 to 1692 and characterized the artifact assemblages as <br />including Dinetah Gray sherds, but lacking Gobernador Polychrome pottery and other indications of later <br />Puebloan influence. While Dittert's definition of the Dinetah phase has been criticized for a basis on <br />negative traits, recent studies have confirmed the presence of a pre-Gobemador phase Navajo occupation <br />in the San Juan Basin, possibly dating back to A.D. 1350 (Winter and Hogan 1992). Several early Navajo <br />habitation sites were recently excavated in northwestern New Mexico that produced tree -ring samples <br />from Navajo forked -stick hogans. The construction cutting dates from the pre-Gobernador phase sites <br />cluster between A.D. 1541 and 1679 and the pottery assemblages are composed primarily of Dinetah <br />Gray with only later intrusive Gobernador Polychrome sherds present (Brown 1996; Kearns 1996; <br />Hancock 1997). The Gobernador phase (ca. 1692 to 1780) has historically been considered a period of <br />intense interaction between Navajo and the Pueblos following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the campaign <br />that successfully ousted the Spanish colonialists from New Mexico. The re -conquest of New Mexico in <br />1692 forced the abandonment of many pueblos, due to fear of Spanish reprisals. Many of the Rio Grande <br />Pueblos sought refuge among the Hopi, Zuni, and Acoma Pueblos, as well as the Navajo of the Dinetah <br />region (Hogan 1991; Dozier 1966). It was during this period that the Navajo probably adopted numerous <br />Pueblo cultural elements, including polychrome pottery, intensive agricultural practices, masonry <br />architecture, ceremonial elements, matrilineal and matrilocal descent, clan structure, Hero Twin stories, <br />and origin legends (Powers and Johnson 1987: 5; Eddy et al 1984: 98; Hester 1962: 89). <br />However, recent archaeological investigations in the Dinetah region strongly suggest that substantial <br />contact and trade between these groups occurred prior to the re -conquest period (Sesler and Hovezak <br />2002: 201-203). Furthermore, new data suggests that pueblito architecture and settlements apparently <br />post-date the Spanish re -conquest period and do not appear to be associated with Pueblo refugees. Tree - <br />ring and other data strongly indicate that pueblito settlements are contemporaneous with the forked -stick <br />hogan features in the general vicinity of these sites. The pueblitos were constructed from ca. 1710 to <br />1754, as established by tree -ring data, well after the Pueblo refugees had returned to their respective <br />homelands following the re-establishment of Spanish colonial rule (Towner 2003). In light of recent <br />archaeological evidence and historical accounts of that period, the pueblitos have been re -interpreted to <br />represent defensive structures built by the Navajo in response to repeated raiding excursions by the <br />formidable Capote Ute -Comanche alliance, which also wreaked havoc on the Spanish settlements of the <br />Upper Rio Grande Valley and Chama Valley (Towner 2003). By ca. 1780, due to increased warfare with <br />the Ute and their allies, the Navajo had abandoned the Dinah region and moved to their present range <br />south of the San Juan River and Largo Canyon. After the Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago was signed, <br />conflicts between the United States and the Navajo arose, resulting in the removal of the Navajo from <br />their homeland and containment at Fort Sumner from 1863 to 1868 (Van Valkenburgh 1938: 14-20). The <br />Navajo were returned to their homeland following the treaty at Fort Sumner to a reservation of 3,500,000 <br />acres and subsequent land acquisitions have restored the Navajo Nation to more than 15,000,000 acres <br />(Kluckhohn and Leighton 1974: 43). Evidence of post-Gobernador phase Navajo use of southwestern <br />Colorado is generally lacking. Navajo components were not identified during the current survey. <br />4.1.5 Ute Tradition <br />4.1.5.1 Ute Prehistory and Archaeology <br />The timing of the Ute Indian occupation of southwestern Colorado is less understood than in the case of <br />the Navajo. Sites that can be positively attributed to the Ute Indians are lacking, but are undoubtedly <br />An Intensive CRI for GCC Energy's Proposed Groundwater Monitoring Wells <br />on State and Private Lands in La Plata County, CO <br />SEAS 16-098 October 2016 <br />12 <br />
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