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<br />n I) w~ ,~ ") <br />U. I> 'tJ IJ I, <br /> <br />increase the dissolved solids in the water. Thermal pollution stems <br />primarily from cooling wa.ter used in the manufacturing processes. Early <br />in the study, it became necessary to adopt a set of standards for quality <br />of water. This was done and it was assumed that cities would be required <br />to treat their wastes such that the BOD removal would be 85 percent 'in <br />1980, 90 percent in the year 2000, and 95 percent in the year 2020. <br />Other quality of water criteria were also adopte~ Since that time <br />the various States have prepared standards for control of pollution. <br />Although these State standards were not available when the work on the <br />framework study was started, in most cases the standards adopted for <br />this study are compatible with those adopted by the States. Even with <br />the degree of pollution or degree of treatment assumed for the framework <br />study, there will be many points in the Missouri Basin where the biological <br />load on streams is in excess of that allowed in the standards, and further <br />waste treatment or a supply of additional water for dilution will be re- <br />quired. In addition, there are currently about 7 million head of cattle <br />in the feedlots in the Missouri Basin and this is expected to increase <br />about three times, or to about 20 million head by 2020. Many of these <br />feedlots are located where the wastes will be drained into the stream <br />and efforts are underway to find suitable means of preventing the pollu- <br />tion of streams from this source. With respect to the thermal p~llution, <br />,approximately 60 percent of the heat produced in coal or nuclear plants <br />must be wasted. Only about ~o percent is turned into power. Thermal <br />pollution may become a problem, but is, subject to at least some means of <br />control because cQoling water can be held in ponds, or cooling towers can <br />be utilized. Of course, both of these methods of preventing thermal <br />pollution are expensive and the other needs for water of the streams will <br />have to be demonstrated in order to impose these means and thus control <br />the thermal pollution. <br /> <br />ELECTRIC POWER <br /> <br />Electric power has become a common commodity used by all and the <br />use has been increasing at a rather surprising rate. The increase in <br />the past several years has been between six 'and seven percent a year, or <br />a doubling of the power needs ,about every ten years. Currently there are <br />ten million kilowatts of power generating capability in the basin, <br />of which about 28 percent is hydro and 72 percent thermal. An average <br />of about 39 billion kilowatt-hours of energy are produced, two thirds by <br />thermal generation and the balance by hydro generation., The projected <br />power requirements show that by the year 2020 some 1~5 million kilowatts <br />of capacity will be required, and this is about l~ times that now in <br />. ' <br />the basin. Energy requirements will be about 6~0 billion kilowatt-hours <br />or about 17 times that used,currently in the basin. By 2020, it is <br />". estimated that nuclear fuels will be used as a heat source for approximately <br />half of the thermal generation. Water requirements for thermal cooling <br />will approximate ~~.O million acre-feet in 2020. .To supply these require- <br />,ments will require stream diversions of about ~.9 million acre~feet in 2020. <br />The following tabulation reflects water requirements for the functional <br />uses previously described. ' <br /> <br />25 <br /> <br />