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4'2.1.2. . occurs in an extensive belt along portions of the Arkansas Valley. Quite often, this type of sand can be used for soil cement, which is a substitute for riprap. In determining the alinements for the Arkansas Valley and Fountain Valley Conduits, a survey and" analysis of. the occurrence of these resources within the alinements will be made. Sand and gravel deposits exist in the Pueblo Reservoir area. Some of these deposits were processed for use in construction of the dam. Exploration for petroleum has occurred in the Pueblo Reservoir area, however, all holes were "dry." f. Areas of Geoloaic Interest Two locations of minor geologic interest occur within the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project area. Hells Gate Narrows, located in the proximity of the. North Side Collection System, exhibits a large exposure of the Hells Gate Porphyry and the terminal moraines at Twin Lakes which form the natural dams for both the upper and lower lakes. Thermal springs are scattered through- out the Colorado Rocky Mountains and have been identified within the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project area near Buena Vista, Salida, Canon City, and Pueblo. The sedimentary beds at Ruedi Dam and Reservoir and the Arkansas Valley plains area are fossiliferous but no unique fossil locations are known. . 4. Soils 'I'Ll-=: zc.riCil :;Gil~ ~f tht:' FT'yingpan-Arkansas Project area are repre- sented by the brown soils and the brown-gray podzols. The prlmary azonal soils are the lithosols. The brown-gray podzols and litho- sols are found in the mountainous. area of the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project. The alpine soils of the project area at elevations near 12,000 feet are considered as lithosol soils as they generally have characteristics of azonal rather than the zonal Boils. They generally lack a humic layer, are shallow and immature. The brown- gray podzols at elevations near 10,000 feet have developed largely from metamorphic parent materials under more humid conditions than the lithosols at lower elevations. The development of the brown- gray podzols has been influenced by the coniferous forests leaving a cover of litter on the surface. The soils are acidic being relatively high in humus and leached of salts. The lithosols have developed from various parent materials such as talus fans or terraces. The complex soils are generally shallow and stony but vary in depth, structure, color, and texture over short distances. 1II-25 .