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<br />002 4 ~1" COASTAL FLOOD PROBLEHS <br /> <br />9 <br /> <br />6-133. <br /> <br />In estuarine areas, coastal flooding maybe increased <br />by riverine' flooding as a consequence of torrential <br /> <br />;t~1' <br /> <br />hurricane rains, <br /> <br />While hurricane storm surges and waves are a serious <br /> <br /> <br />problem on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts, significant flood- <br /> <br />ing can also occur along Great, Lakes and Pacific shores. <br /> <br /> <br />A combination of storm surges, seiche action, waves and <br /> <br />fluctuations in water levels due to precipitation inundate <br /> <br />lands along the Great Lakes. Pacific coast communities <br /> <br />are also subject to storm waves and inundation by <br /> <br />.u :tsunamislt 1 sl ca~~~7f by earthquake shecks or volcanic erup- <br /> <br />tions. 'tsunamis have resul teel in cxt.raordinary waves in <br /> <br />arecS such as Ha~aii with significant loss of life~ <br /> <br />133. Erosion ]~'''~!:':'!:.ge <br /> <br />Erosion due to wave and water action may be a <br />'. <br /> <br />significant pi"oblem along more tha:l1 33 rOOD miles of l:he <br /> <br />Gulf', Atlanti'c r Pacific and, Gre,l,t: I,akes coasts, 17 The <br /> <br />combination of gradually rising sea levels due to melting <br /> <br /> <br />g'laciers from the last glC\cial era;13 the' action of uaves <br /> <br />and currents, and coastal alterations by man have resulted <br /> <br />in erosion problems at many coastal sites. <br /> <br />There are two types of beaches: <br /> <br />(1) the hard-rock <br /> <br />mountain type not subject to serious erosion problems; and <br /> <br />(2) the soft unconsolidated sandy type subject to rapid <br /> <br /> <br />ch'anges due to storms and longshore currents. 19 Sandy <br /> <br />beaches, formed largely by the '.'leathering of inland rocks <br /> <br />and riveri.ne transport of sand to the sea, often serve as <br /> <br />_-'C'._. <br />'~;Ji <br />