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will have to be accomplished concurrently. The two-stage planning process also requires planners to make certain technical assumptions and to take some risks, rather than relying on years of data collection. The process consists of two basic stages: project planning and precon- struction. The objective of the project planning stage is to formulate and select a plan to recommend for construction authorization. The purpose of the preconstruction stage is to verify all technical, economic, and social aspects, especially the design-related activities; complete design and prerequisites to construction; and prepare specifications for initial construction award. The effect is that construction should begin 10 years earlier for new projects and 2 to 3 years earlier for ongoing projects. The actual schedules for CRWQIP sal inity control units are shown in table 7, using best available information at this time. Assuming that all agricultural source units and the Paradox Valley Unit are successfully implemented and that they remove about 1.2 million tons annually, diffuse and point source control units which rely upon disposal of brackish and saline water would need to reduce the river's salt load by an additional 1.0 to 1.6 million tons per year. These measures look technically achievable, although expensive. For example, desalting costs would involve capital investment of around $4 billion to meet the standards with annual operating costs of about $400 million, mostly for energy. Alternatively, evaporation ponds for water disposal would have a cost of about $8 billion with low operation and maintenance costs but would require dedication of about 100,000 acres of land for that purpose. The estimated construction funding required to meet the total program objectives based upon data available and present costs is outlined in the foil owing discussion. The Paradox Valley Unit and the agricultural source units (including the USDA program) are estimated to reduce the salinity load at Imperial Dam by 1.2 million tons of salt annually or an equivalent of about 120 mg/L. The total estimated investment costs for this portion of Reclamation's program are shown below: Unit Estimated investment costs Paradox Valley Grand Valley One and Two Lower Gunnison Basin 1/ Uinta Basin 1/ McElmo Creek-l/ Palo Verde Irrigation District Jj Total estimated investment $208,000,000 276,000,000 137,125,000 27,962,000 - 88,994,000 35,400,000 4,529,000 - 23,778,000 $690,000,000 - 770,000,000 1/ Costs taken from July 1981 status or special reports. 36