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<br /> <br />n>":';'919 <br />t)o"- _" ..) -J <br /> <br />., <br /> <br /> <br />Q. <br />( Atmospheric) <br /> <br />Qr (Solar Reflected) <br />\. <br />\ <br /> <br />:d~- <br /> <br />, I \ <br /> <br />/ <br /> <br />Q. (Solar) <br /> <br />"" Qor (Atmospheric Reflected) <br />//L <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />Q. <br /> <br />ETIr~ <br /> <br />,/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />,/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br />/ <br /> <br /> <br />a..(Evapora'kIn Heat Loa> <br /> <br /> <br />Q. (So.llbll Hoarl <br /> <br />~ ~;.I, <br /> <br />L . lonGwOya <br />5 l: ahortWOft <br /> <br />Ow. --... <br /> <br />OUTFLOW <br /> <br />Q.-Qr+QII-Qar- Qgs+Q,- O.-Q,.-O. = .o.R""volr Enerev <br /> <br />. - Paromet. el,nifleanc, IncrH'" in ...."', budg,t of a d..tratl'led r...,v.r <br /> <br />Figure 6. Energy budget parameters. <br /> <br />temperature. This heat loss will be decreased by <br />destratification during the summer (a negative <br />effect on suppression) and increased due to <br />residual heat during the winter (a positive effect). <br />The order of magnitude of the change in this <br />parameter can be estimated by examining the Lake <br />Mead heat budget cited previously. The range of <br />variation in this parameter was + 12 percent and <br />-9 percent from the mean during the summer and <br />winter respectively. The temperature changes <br />during summer and winter caused by thermal <br />mixing and the resulting residual heat, however, <br />will be perhaps 10 percent of the natural <br />temperature extremes on the reservoir. This <br />suggests an artificial variation in this parameter of <br />about I percent and the net annual difference due <br />to mixing should be negligible. <br /> <br />Qv is the net energy advected into the <br />reservoir. The inflow is unchanged by destratifica- <br />tion but the outflow is significantly affected because <br />of the increased temperature below the thermo- <br />cline. This is a beneficial effect both during <br />summer (due to mixing) and during winter (due to <br />the residual heat added by suppression). This is <br />potentially an important beneficial parameter <br />which is a function of the outflow/storage ratio. <br />The mixed reservoir temperature decrease due to <br />this parameter during any time period is equal to <br />the increase in outlet temperature multiplied by the <br />outflow/storage ratio. This parameter is included <br />in the model. <br /> <br />Qe is the heat removed from the reservoir by <br />evaporation. When evaporation is decreased this <br /> <br />13 <br />