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<br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />.. <br /> <br />.. <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />..- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />..--........ <br /> <br />.,:_c:',.'... <br /> <br />,.'-. <br /> <br />:.:... .....,....--/';_.~:.:;;]... <br />,-"...",._"~,-",...-.""-,,,,--...,,, <br />. :', ',1~ :;:~::~'.:: '. :;':' "\:'.'~;,L~.L i~.-~L1rt5ii~,,~~~~-.~ <br /> <br />1.,"''''1 <br />. " <br />\""..J <br /> <br />Division: Air Pollution Control Division <br />James H. Lents. Director <br /> <br />II. STATE-OF-TIIE-ART <br /> <br />At the program levelJ state-of-the-art Is an amalgum of what Is known about particular emissIon sources and what occurs or aay occur 10 tbe <br />atmos~lere as a result of this activity. This portion of the workplan presents the three disparate but related elements. <br /> <br />A. STATE-OF-THE-ART MOBILE SOURCE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL <br /> <br />State-of-the-art mobile sources air pollution control relates directly to technOlogy, testing capabilities, and operatins: characterlatles <br />associated with motor vehIcles. The pollution contribution and the control technology used on motor vehicles has changed over the years. <br /> <br />Early or pre-l968 automobile engines pollute excessively since no emission control equipment was designed into vehicles at the time of <br />manufacture. The emissions contribution of these vehicles results, in partll from their design. 'l'be emissions levels resulting fro. these <br />early technology vehicles also depends upon the state of tune or maintenance level in which the vehicle i8 operated. These vehicles, only <br />when tuned properly, will emit moderate amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere. 7bese vehicles emission levels will increase several fo1.d <br />when operated in a state of miss-tune. Automobile technology progressed through the 1970's where some pollution control equipment was <br />installed on automobiles. The emissions contribution from this technology automobile (1968-1974) is a function of both the state of tune as <br />well as the operation of the emissions control systems that were installed on this type of vehicle. <br /> <br />With the advent of catalytic converters, in 1975, vehicles became even cleaner. Proper maintenance and adjustment as well as proper operation <br />of the pollution control systems is required in order for these vehicles to emit the designed amount of pollutants. These (catalyst equipped) <br />vehicles, however, have one other constraint. These vehicles must be operated on unleaded fuel in order to assure their emission contribution <br />is in accordance with their design. nle latest technology automobile, that being the computer controlled vehicle of the 1980's, i8 not as <br />adjustment or maintenance-dependent as earlier technology vehicles. lIowever, crucial to the low pollution characteristics of this vehicle ia <br />the fact that the pollution control devices must operate as designed and that they be fueled on unleaded gasoline only. <br /> <br />Diesel engines are being utilized in passenger cars and light and heavy duty trucks. In contrast to gasoline powered vehicles, diesels are <br />relatively low in carbon monoxide emissions, but high in particulate e.isslons.. Tighter federal particulate emission standards will be <br />forcing technology advancements in diesels, particularly in light duty vehicles during the 1980's. This will likely include trap oxidizers to <br />collect and incinerate particulates, and electronic engine controls. transmission and engine combustion improvements, which wll1 lower diesel <br />emissionse Currently no particulate standards exist for heavy-duty diesel engines, but can be expected by the end of this decade. <br /> <br />nle state-of-the-art in the testing of motor vehicles for exhaust emissions Is the Federal Test Procedure as designed by the EnvlroDlleDtal <br />Protection Agency. This test procedure is the criteria for which these vehicles are designed. It is the criteria for what emission levels <br />are allowed from any given vehicle or technology. These are the levels that are used to project how vehicles should pollute over their life <br />span. 'nle Federal Test Procedure gives a measure as to the vehicle's actual emission performance on a gralDS per mile basis. '1hls number can <br />be compared with the certification standard for any given model year vehicle, as it can also be compared to the deteriQrated or expected rate <br />of emissions" for a particular vehicle. This information allows a c?D1pilriaOD as to whether ~e vehicle h4s,. been maiutained" correc~ly by t~ <br />vehIcle o\imer, as well as whether the overall performance of the vehicle Is meeting its design criteria for elntsslon c01ltribution." Additional <br />research is needed concernIng the emissIon for dIesel engines, including their health effects as well as methods to reduce particulate and <br />oxides of nitrogen emissions. <br /> <br />-29- <br /> <br /> <br />.....,">J,~ .'",;;-~~'~_;,'~ ,'- ,'~-~-,'"_.)J-_~,,; <br />