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<br />Division: Air Pollution Control Division
<br />James H. Lents. Director
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<br />II. STATE-OF-TIIE-ART
<br />
<br />At the program levelJ state-of-the-art Is an amalgum of what Is known about particular emissIon sources and what occurs or aay occur 10 tbe
<br />atmos~lere as a result of this activity. This portion of the workplan presents the three disparate but related elements.
<br />
<br />A. STATE-OF-THE-ART MOBILE SOURCE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
<br />
<br />State-of-the-art mobile sources air pollution control relates directly to technOlogy, testing capabilities, and operatins: characterlatles
<br />associated with motor vehIcles. The pollution contribution and the control technology used on motor vehicles has changed over the years.
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<br />Early or pre-l968 automobile engines pollute excessively since no emission control equipment was designed into vehicles at the time of
<br />manufacture. The emissions contribution of these vehicles results, in partll from their design. 'l'be emissions levels resulting fro. these
<br />early technology vehicles also depends upon the state of tune or maintenance level in which the vehicle i8 operated. These vehicles, only
<br />when tuned properly, will emit moderate amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere. 7bese vehicles emission levels will increase several fo1.d
<br />when operated in a state of miss-tune. Automobile technology progressed through the 1970's where some pollution control equipment was
<br />installed on automobiles. The emissions contribution from this technology automobile (1968-1974) is a function of both the state of tune as
<br />well as the operation of the emissions control systems that were installed on this type of vehicle.
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<br />With the advent of catalytic converters, in 1975, vehicles became even cleaner. Proper maintenance and adjustment as well as proper operation
<br />of the pollution control systems is required in order for these vehicles to emit the designed amount of pollutants. These (catalyst equipped)
<br />vehicles, however, have one other constraint. These vehicles must be operated on unleaded fuel in order to assure their emission contribution
<br />is in accordance with their design. nle latest technology automobile, that being the computer controlled vehicle of the 1980's, i8 not as
<br />adjustment or maintenance-dependent as earlier technology vehicles. lIowever, crucial to the low pollution characteristics of this vehicle ia
<br />the fact that the pollution control devices must operate as designed and that they be fueled on unleaded gasoline only.
<br />
<br />Diesel engines are being utilized in passenger cars and light and heavy duty trucks. In contrast to gasoline powered vehicles, diesels are
<br />relatively low in carbon monoxide emissions, but high in particulate e.isslons.. Tighter federal particulate emission standards will be
<br />forcing technology advancements in diesels, particularly in light duty vehicles during the 1980's. This will likely include trap oxidizers to
<br />collect and incinerate particulates, and electronic engine controls. transmission and engine combustion improvements, which wll1 lower diesel
<br />emissionse Currently no particulate standards exist for heavy-duty diesel engines, but can be expected by the end of this decade.
<br />
<br />nle state-of-the-art in the testing of motor vehicles for exhaust emissions Is the Federal Test Procedure as designed by the EnvlroDlleDtal
<br />Protection Agency. This test procedure is the criteria for which these vehicles are designed. It is the criteria for what emission levels
<br />are allowed from any given vehicle or technology. These are the levels that are used to project how vehicles should pollute over their life
<br />span. 'nle Federal Test Procedure gives a measure as to the vehicle's actual emission performance on a gralDS per mile basis. '1hls number can
<br />be compared with the certification standard for any given model year vehicle, as it can also be compared to the deteriQrated or expected rate
<br />of emissions" for a particular vehicle. This information allows a c?D1pilriaOD as to whether ~e vehicle h4s,. been maiutained" correc~ly by t~
<br />vehIcle o\imer, as well as whether the overall performance of the vehicle Is meeting its design criteria for elntsslon c01ltribution." Additional
<br />research is needed concernIng the emissIon for dIesel engines, including their health effects as well as methods to reduce particulate and
<br />oxides of nitrogen emissions.
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