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<br />'.'_,"~,;r--,_i~';:':"""~""""""--'-'''--'''~''-~'-- ~-~.._-- --- <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />miqratorius) has been observed to feed on the Kanab ambersnail <br />" <br />;:~s principle natural predator (Clarke 1991). <br /> <br /> <br />i-Y Threats . <br />f\4 <br />q, <br />~ <br />1 <br /> <br />JI <br />~'11? <br /> <br />(P. Hovingh. private citizen. Salt Lake City. Utah, pers. comm.. 1992: and <br />S.K. Wu. pers. comm.. 1992). The Kanab ambersnail is most densely aggregated <br />under fallen cattail stalks at the edges of cattail stands where they <br />transition into wet sedge meadows.' Cattails and dense sedge. carex. and grass <br />meadows may provide crucial vegetative cover for the snails (Clarke 1991). <br />Wetland grasses and sedges. if not overgrazed. also will provide suitable <br />habitat for the species (B. Lunceford. Bureau of Land Management, pers. comm.. <br />1991: S.K. Wu and P. Hovingh, pers. comm.. 1992). The American robin {Turdas <br />and may be the <br /> <br />1" .~ <br /> <br />{ <br />.,'( <br /> <br />~, . <br /> <br />t" <br />1> <br />I,., <br />I <br /> <br /> <br />Realized and potential threats to Kanab ambersnail stern primarily from loss <br /> <br />F <br />\'\ <br /> <br />and or adverse modification of its wetland habitat. Livestock grazing may be <br /> <br />~ a threat to the survival of the species. Some Kanab ambersnail individuals <br />'~d associated habitat may be' lost due to flood releases from Glen Canyon Da~. <br />The Arizona population receives heavy recreational visitation from river <br /> <br />-, <br /> <br />runners because of the fresh drinking water available at the site. The <br />. <br /> <br />demographic stability of the various populations of Kanab ambersnail is not <br />known. The smaller Utah population. located in Knab Creek CanYon, IIldY not be <br />at population levels large enough to enS1rr" the species long term survival. <br />and is likely to go extinct in the near future if it has not already done so. <br />The effect of natural factors. such as: disease. parasitism. predation. and <br />grazing of its habitat by native species. on the viability of the species <br />population is not known (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1992). Flash flooding <br /> <br />7 <br />