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D. Habitat and Limitinq Factors The Kanab ambersnail lives in marshes watered by springs and seeps at the base of sandstone or limestone cliffs (Clarke 1991. Spamer and Bogan 1993). It is absolutely associated with a perennially wet soil surface or shallow standing water. The snails are also frequently seen just within the mouths of vole burrows. None have been found in drier areas, such as under logs or in other micro-habitats commonly frequented by other land snails (Clarke 1991). In Arizona. the species' population is found near a spring-fed wetland habitat within the gorge of the Grand Canyon above the 30.000 cubic feet per second water line (Spamer and Bogan 1993). The area is small. but unique to the Grand Canyon supporting a localized community of vegetation and the only known population of the Kanab ambersnail in a wilderness setting. Vegetation is primarily poison ivy (Rhus radicans). redbud trees (Cercis occidentalis), and coyote willow (Salix ex;qua). Watercress (Roriooa nasturtium-aquaticumJ. cardinal monkey flower (Mimulus cardinalis). and maidenhair ferns (Adiantum caDill~s-veneris) are also found (Stevens 19B7. Spamer and Bogan 1993). All individuals located during the May 1993 survey were found on wet stems of dead ~nd decaying monkey flower (Debra Bills, Fish and Wildlife Service. pers. comm.. 1993;. In Utah. the species' population is found in sprin9 fed wetland habitat at the base of sandstone cliffs within the Kanab Creek drainage. The species habitat is characterized by the presence of cattail marshes dominated by Tvoha dominqensiS (Clarke 1991) and sedge meadows dominated by Juncus spp. 6 ;.~ ;i{ "~'I' ~. , . , . . j--,: r ,_. ~ '- ':"- " ',;, ~;";.},-" :'.. ) ~~ '" ,to ,,::-'}t~ ;~;~ ..~ft:~ '."'"1-" (,~;: (" , "