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Or.~?"7" uuw,J River basin commissions created under the provisions of the 1965 Act were next in the series of federal experiments in intergovernmental institutions for river basin management. A total of six Title II commissions were eventually created, including the Missouri River Basin Commission in 1972. These institutions were joint sta te- federal organizations mandated to plan and coordinate river basin water and related land development. All six Title II commissions were abolished by Presidential Executive Order No. 12310, signed September 9, 1981. Since the demise of Title II commissions, a number of less formal institutional arrangements for river basin management have evolved. They vary from state- supported non-profit corporations, such as the Missouri Basin States Association and the Upper Mississippi River Basin Association, to existing organizations such as the New England Governor's Conference and the Great Lakes Commission, who have assumed some former river basin commission functions. By and large, these replacements for river basin commissions undertake no comprehensive, basinwide planning. Their primary role is almost exclusively interstate-interagency coordination, information exchange and some technical assistance. In addition to the institutions previously mentioned, all largely federally inspired except the latter, several other devices have been used to create intergovernmental river basin management institutions in the United States. They include compacts between states, to which the Federal Government has sometimes been a signa tory party; uniform or complementary legislation in several states in a river basin creating interstate commissions; state legislation creating intrastate river basin authorities which have then sometimes been "linked" between states; and congressionally- legislated, federal river basin commissions. -7-