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,; d " I f (.... {" 1 a.'~.&... " ~ OPEHATIOS ASD MAINTESANCE 37 zeolite softening was used. with the result that the h"rdne~s of the plant effluent water was higher than the desired value of 125 parts per m i !lion. The shortage of rainfall and the normal increase in water demand due to growth of population were reflected in the maximum monthly averages of quantity of water softened and in the average daily input to the softening plant. A new peak flow through the plant was reached on July 30 and 31, 1947 when 201.7 cubic feet per second. or 130.4 million gallons per day, were softened_ This is 30.4 per cent above the present designed capacity of the plant. The monthly aver- age rate of inflow ranged from a minimum of 48_6 cubic feet per second, or 31.4 million gallons per day. in December 1947, to a maxi- mum of 170.6 cubic feet per second, or 110.3 million gallons per day, in July 1947. The a\"el'age daily flow through the plant for the fiscal year 1947-48 was 101.2 cubic feet per second. or 65.4 million gallons per day, an increase of 18.9 per cent o\"er the corresponding figure for the preceding fiscal year. Because of the increasing age and wear of the equipment. the incidence of mechanical difficulties has become more frequent and the nature generally more serious_ Seating rings were replaced in three. and hook rods in all of the 36-inch filter wash water valves_ All of the hydraulic c)'linders for operation of the filter sluice gates were overhauled_ New gate leaves were installed in four of the soft water effluent valves in the zeolite building. Chain and sprocket drive units were fabricated for the three lime slakers to replace the belt-driven units which had proved inadequate. The high per- centage of unburned cores in the lime delivered to the softening plant required that each slaker be taken out of service and cleaned of grits after every 100 tons of lime slaked in it. The 15-val\"e chlorine manifold was overhnuled. The carbon dioxide boiler was retubed and a new burner designed and installed in order to increase the carbon dioxide output sufficiently to meet the increased load. Sludge disposal presented one of the most recurrent problems of the year_ Due to repeated shutdowns in sludge pumping occasioned by numerous breaks in the 8-inch vitrified clay sludge disposal line, a 300-foot section of the clay pipe was replaced with 8-inch pl-ecast concrete pipe_ A new sludge pump vault was constructed at thc lower sludge basin and two booster pumps were installed therein to facilitate sludge handling_ Two chlorine evaporators were installed in order to increase the chlorinator output sufficiently to meet the demand at the high rate of flow. A third chlorinator was procured and installed to se"ve as