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<br />Half the stockponds under observation - all those in areas of medium-
<br />te;xtured soils - in Hestern South Dal:ota have been dry most of the year,
<br />indicating that ponds are not a dependable source of stockwater in l1IUch
<br />of the Missouri River Basin. This indicates research is needed on more
<br />dependable sources, or methods, of supplying stoclmater in l1IUch of the
<br />range country of the basin.
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<br />Four of the five rain gages (a study of rain-gage performance) and two
<br />of the three evaporation pans in operation at Hastings for 22 years
<br />were closed at the end of the year, All manually ope't'<'l,tec1 instruments
<br />at the central meteorological station at Hastings were also terminated
<br />at the end of the year.
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<br />1962 Additions and Changes
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<br />A final report will be prepared by Cooperative Hater Yield Procedures
<br />Study, explaining the method developed for evaluating effects of the
<br />conservation use and treatment of land on water yielded by streamflow.
<br />Publication of this report by the Government Printing Office will
<br />terminate this project. Some 75 new watersheds above stockponds will
<br />be observed this year in western South Dakota. In cooperation with the
<br />South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, twelve small watersheds
<br />at the Cottonwood Field Range Station, western South Dakota, will be
<br />instrumented to provide data and aid in the evaluation of the effects
<br />of heavy, moderate and light grazing on runoff. To observe effects on
<br />runoff of converting cultivated land to grass, t1~O small eroded water-
<br />sheds at Hastings are being seeded to grass. !liD meadow watersheds at
<br />Hastings that have been under observation for 22 years will be pastured
<br />and cultivated. Effects of these changes on runoff will be observed
<br />and compared with that of former conditions. A study of differences
<br />in runoff from land in grass, wheat, and mulch-fallow is being started
<br />at Akron, Colorado.
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<br />SNGJ SURVEY AND WATER SUPPLY OlITLOOK FOR 1962
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<br />The Soil Conservation Service, having the leadership in making snow
<br />surveys and soil-moisture determinations in the Mountain Regions, and
<br />water supply forecasts in cooperation with the Rocky Mountain State
<br />Elcperirnent Stations, issues monthly reports by watersheds on the snow-
<br />fall and accumulation in the Rocky Mountain States which are tributary
<br />to the Missouri River and other river basins in the Hest.
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<br />The snow surveys are made generally during the months of Janua.ry or
<br />February to Mayor June. A number of federal and state agencies and
<br />private organizations cooperate in making snoW surveys and collecting
<br />data used in the preparation of Water Supply Outlook reports, which
<br />are us ed by many federal and state agencies, private organizations,
<br />and by individual farmers and ranchers. Currently, more than 1,400
<br />western snow courses are measured each year.
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