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<br />salUratiorl ::one, from which wells and springs are fed. In a
<br />strict sense the leon applies only to water below the water table.
<br />Also called plerotic water; phreatic water.
<br />V./ATER, GROUND, CONFINED - A body of ground-water
<br />O\'erlain by material sllfficiently impervious to sever free hy-
<br />draulic connection with overlying ground w:lter except at the
<br />intake. Confined ground water moves onder the pressure due to
<br />difference in head between intake and discharge areas of the
<br />confined water body and is under sufficient pressure to ~se
<br />above the bottom of the confining bed, if gieen an opponumty
<br />to do so.
<br />WATER. GROUND, RECHARGE - \Vater descending to the
<br />zone of saturation. Natural recharge is that portion of w3.ler
<br />from the atmosphere which gravitates to the zone of saturatl.on
<br />under natural conditions. Artificial recharge i5 that water whICh
<br />is added to the zone of saturation through the acti\'ities of man.
<br />such as spreading basins, wells, inigation. "dnd induced infilna.-
<br />tion from streams. Also called Tee/large; gnnnul'1.l',lter iI/take;
<br />ground-water illcrf'ltlenl.
<br />\VATER, USE OF, BENEFICIAL - The use of water for SOffie
<br />purpose from which benefits are derived. Such. use indud~s do-
<br />mestic, irrigation. development of hydroelecmc power, mdus-
<br />trial, etc. The term bellcnts is variable with locality and custom,
<br />and wh.:Jt constitutes beneficial use is often defined by statute
<br />or in decisions of the court.
<br />WATER. USE OF, DOI\:lESTJC - The use of W<lter primarily
<br />for household purposes, the watering (If livestock, the irrigation
<br />of gardens. lawns. shrubbery, etc., surrounding a house ot
<br />domicile.
<br />WATER, USE OF, INDUSTRIAL - The use of water pn-
<br />marily in connection with industrial operations of processes.
<br />WATER, USE OF, IRRIGATION The use of \V<lter pri-
<br />marily for the purpose uf irrigating of crops.
<br />,^lATER, USE OF. MUNICIPAL - T~e vari?us uses to.which
<br />water is pUt in developed ~rban area, Inc~udInf! dome~t~c ~se.
<br />industrial use, street sprinkling, fire protection, aIr conditiOning,
<br />etc. Thc term is ~n inclusive one, applied where the uses an~
<br />\'aried.
<br />\>VATEH USE, PRIORITY OF - The right to use water f?r
<br />one purpose to the full amount required for such pllqx;>se, In
<br />times of shorrage of a full supply for all uses. over the .n~ht ~o
<br />use it for another purpose. Domestic use usually has pnomy In
<br />times Df shNtage o....er all other uses. O\her j.)Jimi\ie::. a{e usu<llly
<br />set forth in statutes.
<br />WELL FLOW1NG - A well that discharges water at the sur-
<br />face without the aid or application of a pump or other lifting
<br />de\1ce. Flowing wells may be classified.. with respec~. to the
<br />agency that produces the flow, into arteSTa11 and gas-l1tt wells.
<br />WELL RECHARGE An inverted we.ll installed for the pur-
<br />pose of inc.reasing the .ground-water supply by conducting sur-
<br />face water mto an aqUifer.
<br />WELL. \VATER-TABLE - A well whose source of supply is
<br />free ground-water in the zone of saturation below a w:lter-table.
<br />YIELD, GROUND,WATER, ECONOMIC. The m"imum
<br />rate at .....hich w;,Her can be artificially withdrawn from an
<br />aquifer throughout the foreseeable future without depleting the
<br />supply (lr altering the chemical. charac.ter of the water to .such
<br />an extent that withdrawal at thJS rate IS no I(lnger economlcnlly
<br />possible. The economic yield \'aries with ec?nomic conditi~ms
<br />and other factors such as recharge, natural discharge, pumpmg
<br />head etc. The tenn may be arplied with respect to the eco-
<br />nomi~ Feasibility of withdrawa from the standpoint on.ly of
<br />those who artificially withdraw water or from the standpoint of
<br />the economy of a river \'alley or other larger area to which the
<br />aquifer contributes water.
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<br />
<br />YIELD, SAFE - The maximum dependable draft which can
<br />be made continuously upon a source of water supply (surface or
<br />ground water) during a period of years during which the pro-
<br />bable driest period or period of greatest deficiency in water
<br />supply is likely to occur. Dependability is relative and is a
<br />function of storage prodded and drought probability.
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<br />GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO
<br />THE PHREATOPHYTE PROBLEM
<br />
<br />AREA
<br />wherein
<br />seepage,
<br />tion.
<br />
<br />OF GROUND,WATER DISCHARGE An area
<br />ground water is discharged through springs, effluent
<br />or is evaporated from the sailor transpired from vegeta-
<br />
<br />CONSUf\-1PTIVE. USE The quantity of water transpired by
<br />plants, retained in pbnt tissue. and evaporated from the plants
<br />and surrounding surfaces in a given period. It may be expressed
<br />as a depth over a unit ;.'lrea or as a volume per uvit of foliage
<br />volume. (After Hardman. George, written communication
<br />9.12.61.)
<br />DEFOLIANT A chemical applied. that causes the plant to
<br />shed its leaves without killing the plant.
<br />DEVELOPED \VATER \Vater that has been added to a
<br />stream or .....ater supplv, Renerally from subterranean sources or
<br />from seepage as the result of salv.1ge operations. that was pre-
<br />viousl\' lost to the atmo~here or prevented from reaching the
<br />stream. (After Trelease, Cases on \-Vestern Water Rights. p. 149,
<br />1954.)
<br />DIURNAL FLUCTUATION - The crclic rise and fall of the
<br />water table or stTeamflo\V during a 24-oour period in response
<br />to changes in e\'apo-tr:lnspiration draft from ground-water by
<br />phreatophytes.
<br />EVAPO-TRANSPIRATJON - \-Vater withdrawn from sou by
<br />evaporation and plant transpiration. Considered sync.oymous with
<br />consumpti\'e use. (After ASCE Glossary. p. 84, 1949.)
<br />FLOOD PLAIN - Tbe area described by the perimeter of the
<br />probably limning flood. That portion of a river valley which
<br />has been co\'ered with water when the river overflowed its
<br />banks at flood stage. The plain in mOSI instances has been built
<br />up by alluvium de:po5LteJ by the stream. (After \Vhite, G.F.,
<br />Human adjustments to floods, p. 44. Univ. of Chicago Pres5,
<br />1945,)
<br />GRO\-VING SEASON The season that is warm enough for
<br />plants to grow.
<br />HALOPHYTES - Pbnts which can endure large amounts of
<br />salt or alkali in tbe soil water on which tbey Ih'e.
<br />HYDROLOG1C CYCLE - The cycle of water mo\'ement. in
<br />liquid. solid. or vapor form, from the atmosphere to the land
<br />and water bodies, and back to the atmosphere again.
<br />PERCOLATION - The mo\'emenr, under hydrostdlic pressure.
<br />of water through the interstices of the rock or soil except move-
<br />ment through large openings, such a~ caves. (After Meim.er.
<br />USGS WSP 494, p, 42, 1923,)
<br />PHkEATOPHYTE - A plant that h3bitually obtains its water
<br />supply from ~~e zone of saturation, either directly or through
<br />the capillary innge. (Mcil1zer, USGS WSP 494, p. 55. 1923.)
<br />SALVAGED \-VATER - That part of a particular stream or
<br />other water s~'P~ly that is saved from loss from the supply by
<br />reason of artIfICIal work, and therefore is retained within the
<br />supply and so made a\'ai!able for use. Generally, one who
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