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" ) .,.. . . growth, other multiple benefits to be realized include: a greater efficiency in logging operations, more forage and browse for livestock and game, probably more water; and by reducing fuels, the forest will be less susceptible to wildfires and more readily available for recreation. The Conservation Platform suggests that 27 million acres of land sub-marginal for cropland production would be more pro- ductive if converted to forests. By the same reasoning, lands sub-marginal for the production of ponderosa pine (Site III lands) would be more valuable producing forage and water if converted to grasslands. II RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. E. Grazinq on Public Lands. The recommendations for up-dating range resource appraisals is urgently needed, to rectify the mistakes made in Senate Document 199, "The Western Range," published in 1936. This document failed to separate effects of grazing from numerous other factors responsi- ble for range deterioration. As was indicated in "Crusade For Rangeland Restoration" (ArnOld, May, 1963), a re-survey of western ranges should carefully identify all sources of land disturbance in order to accurately isolate effects of grazing. That is, effects of grazing must be accurately separated from disturbances caused by logging, mining, road building, clearing for gas and power lines, and plowing of land unsuited to cultivation. Effects of grazing must be accurately separated from effects of ecological successions involving invasions of worthless woody plants. And finally, effects of grazing must be separated from natural climatic limitations, But, we can not stop with just a re-survey of all factors affecting present conditions of rangelands. We must restore productivity to millions of acres invaded by ecologically superior but economically worthless shrub species through brush control and reseeding practices. All denuded areas, regardless of the source of disturbance, must be reseeded. We can not wait 50 years for natural revegetation to take place when we can artificially revegetate these areas in two to three years. Ranchers who share in revegetation costs will be interested in protecting their invest- ments by managing their livestock to maintain range productivity. GETTING MAXIMUM APPLICATION THROUGH CITIZEN PARTICIPATION. The Platform For American Conservation is designed to increase the supply of "wood, water, recreation, minerals,forage, wildlife" and other goods and services of wildlands to meet the ever increasing demands of the American people. But, does the "Platform" provide for the necessary mechanisms needed to enlist the full participation of the beneficiaries, the American people? Maximum application of conservation measures by agencies charged with the responsibilities of managing our resources require citizen participation, -3-