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<br />0326 <br /> <br />quality of health of individuals. The availability of health <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />care through physicians, hospital facilities, preventive <br />health programs, etc., is more associated with the health- <br />related institutions serving neighborhoods and communities <br />and therefore relates to social well being. Moreover, commu- <br />nity trends in terms of emerging values (health improvement vs. <br />environmental enhancement vs. economic improvement) are also <br />important characteristics. Analysis of impact on social well <br />being must, as this example illustrates, address the set of <br />issues concerning modification or maintenance of existing <br />social institutions (e.g., schools, hospitals, courts, recrea- <br />tion facilities, housing patterns, etc.). <br />A third concern in any human settlement is that of <br />relative social relationships. While the economist is often <br />interested in indicators such as a general rise in income <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />levels, or employment modifications, questions regarding pre- <br /> <br /> <br />cisely who it is that is benefiting, and who may be paying <br /> <br /> <br />a disproportionate price are less frequently asked. Illustra- <br /> <br /> <br />tions of this are found in data on what social groups are em- <br /> <br /> <br />ployed (the young, the educated, the white middle class Ameri- <br /> <br /> <br />can) and who is displaced 'as a public policy is implemented <br /> <br /> <br />(e.g., the old, the poorly educated. the disadvantaged person). <br /> <br /> <br />In addition to the importance of these issues in a fundamental <br /> <br /> <br />equity sense, there are frequently disguised social costs <br /> <br /> <br />associated with distributional effects, or external costs that <br /> <br /> <br />are not accounted for, e.g., drop-out rates in schools, unem- <br /> <br /> <br />ployment rates, welfare payments, etc. <br /> <br />15 <br />