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<br />certain naturaJ. or cultural resources and
<br />ecological systems,
<br />0. To enhance regional d8ve!opmen'
<br />through increa.ses :In B region's income:
<br />Increases In employment; distribution at
<br />population within aDd e,mong regloos;
<br />improvements of the region's economic
<br />bMe and educational, cultural, aDd rec-
<br />reation&! opportunities; and enhance-
<br />ment of its enviroIUnent and other speci-
<br />fied components of regional development.
<br />Components of these multlobject.1ves
<br />refer tn the types of outputs, environ-
<br />mental conditions. or regional develop-
<br />ment that are being sought as contribu-
<br />t1ans to the multiobject1ves. 'TIle term
<br />"com'pOnent need" is used to refer. to the
<br />,type, quantity, and quality of the desired
<br />effect now and in the future.
<br />3. Beneftctal and adverse" effects. For
<br />eMh alrernatlve plan there wIll_ be a
<br />complete dlsPlay or &reOlIDt!ng of rele-
<br />vant beneflclal and adverse effects.
<br />Beneflc1al and adverse effects are
<br />meas1.lr'eC). In monetary terms for the na-
<br />tional econom1c development objective
<br />ai1.d the regtonal 1noome coIIUXIDent of
<br />the reg1on".f development obJootIve,
<br />other beneficial or adverse effects are
<br />measured In norunooetary terms for
<br />components of the env1ronrn.entaJ. qual-
<br />Ity and for the nontncome components
<br />at 1;I1e reg10nal development obJootIve,
<br />Estimating these beneflcJaJ aDd ad verse
<br />e1feots 15 undertaken In order to mea.sure
<br />the net changes with respect to partl=-
<br />Jar obJootIves that are generated by
<br />alternative plans, For each alrernatlve
<br />pla.n the beneficial and adverse e!rectB
<br />an aocIal factors will alBO be dlsplayed
<br />in 1ihe system of accounts.
<br />Thw. there are beneflc::1a.1 and adverse
<br />e!rectB for natlonaJ econom1c develop-
<br />ment. environmental Qua.l1ty. and re~
<br />gjona1 deve10pment objectives, and
<br />bene:flclaJ. a.nd adverse eftects on !i:OCial.
<br />factors. These would be measW'ed In
<br />monetary or qua.ntitative Wlits or QuaJ.-
<br />Imtlve tertrul approprlate to a partlcula.r
<br />eftect. The multiobjectives a.re not mu-
<br />tually exclusive with respect to beneficIal
<br />or adverse effects, and :fl.nm decisions as
<br />'to the selection of the recommended plan
<br />would be made by consIdm1ng the dl!-
<br />1erences among alternative 'plans as to
<br />&ll 1;I1e1r elf ectB,
<br />a. National economic develo1J1"TWnt ob-
<br />1ective. Beneficial effects to the national
<br />economic development objective would
<br />include all effoota on national output
<br />regardless of the reason a plan may be
<br />formulated. These beneficial effects in-
<br />clude the value to users ot increased
<br />outputs of goods and services and the
<br />vaJue ot output resulting from external
<br />economies. National economic develop-
<br />ment adverse effects are resources re-
<br />qulred for a plan and losses in output
<br />resulting from external dLseconom1es.
<br />b. Environmental quality objective.
<br />The beneflcial_and adverse effects of the
<br />proposed plan on the environmentaJ
<br />characterIstics ot an area. under study
<br />or elsewhere in the NatIon would be
<br />evaluated. Environmental effects will be
<br />displayed in terms of relevant physlcaJ
<br />and ecological criteria or dimensions,
<br />including the appropriate quaJit;Q.t1ve
<br />a.spect.,;, Such an evaluation would In-
<br />
<br />NOTICES
<br />
<br />elude the e!rects of the proposed pian on
<br />(a) i>penand green space, wild and soenlc
<br />rivers,. lakes, beaches, shores, mounta.1ns
<br />and wIldern.... areas, estwLrles, and
<br />other are.. at natural beauty; (b)
<br />aroheologlooJ, bJstorlcal, bIological, and
<br />geological resources and selected ecologi-
<br />cal BYstems; (e) the qua.lity of water,
<br />la.nd, and air resources; and (d) irre-
<br />versible commitments of resources to
<br />future uses.
<br />Effects under the environmental qual~
<br />ity obJectwe are expressed in va.r1ous
<br />Quantita.tive units or in qualitative tenns.
<br />In some ins~ances, the effects can be ex~
<br />pressed in tenns of meeting legally es~
<br />tarblished standards.
<br />c. Regional development obiectlve.
<br />The beneficial and I adverse effects of '8
<br />proposed plan on relevant planning re-
<br />gions (states. river basins, or communi-
<br />tIes) would be displayed, including in-
<br />come e1fects a.nd effects on other com-
<br />ponents of the .reg1onal development
<br />objective. including (1) the number and
<br />types ot-Jobs resulting from 8 plan in the
<br />region; (2) the effects of the plan on
<br />population distribution within the region
<br />and among reS1ons; (3) the effects of
<br />the plan on the regional economic base
<br />and economic sta.billty; (4) the effect of
<br />the plan on educatlonfl.l, cultura.!, and
<br />recreational opportuntty in the region:
<br />and (5) the effect cA. the plan on envl-
<br />ronmenteJ. Quality in the region under
<br />consideration.
<br />d. Effects 01 the plan on soc!aZ factors.
<br />The beneftclal and adverse effects of 8
<br />proposed plan on Social factors wUl be
<br />displayed, Inclndlng the efl'ects of a plan
<br />on the real income of claSses or groups
<br />that are relevant to the evaluation of
<br />the plan; effects of the plan on life,
<br />health, and safety; efl'ects of the plan
<br />. on reserve capacities and flex1b1l1ties in
<br />water resource systems and protection
<br />against interruption of the :flow of es-
<br />sential goods Bnd services at times of
<br />national disaster or critical needs; fLll.d
<br />effects of a plan on other relevant social
<br />factors.
<br />- 4. System of account!. A system of
<br />accounts would be established that dl.s-
<br />plays benefic:lal and adverse effects of
<br />each plan to the multiobJectives and
<br />benetlclal and adverse effects on social
<br />factors and provides a bas1B for com-
<br />paring alternative plll.llll, The dlJ;piay of
<br />beneflc1a.l and adverse effects would be
<br />prepared in such manner tha.t the dif-
<br />ferent levels of achievement to each ob~
<br />Jective could be readily discerned and
<br />compared indicating the tradeoffs among
<br />alternative plans. The system of ac-
<br />coun!6 will display the beneflcJal and ad-
<br />verse effects in the region under con-
<br />sideration in relatIon to other parts of
<br />the Natl.on.
<br />5. The planning process. Plans will be
<br />directed to improvements in the quality
<br />of lite by meeting current and projected
<br />needs and probleIns as Identifted by the
<br />desires of people In such a manner that
<br />bnproved contributions are made to socI-
<br />ety's preferences for national economic
<br />development, environmental Qua.l1ty. and
<br />regional development. Plans for water
<br />and land resources will focus upon the
<br />sPecifled componenls of the multiobJec-
<br />
<br />tives desired for the designated region,
<br />.river basin, State, or local planning
<br />aettlng.
<br />The planning process would include
<br />the following major stells:
<br />. (1) SpecI!y componen18 at the multi-
<br />objectives relevant to the planning
<br />setting; ,
<br />(2) Evaluate resource capabilities and
<br />expected economic and environmental
<br />conditIons wi1ih<>ut any plan;
<br />(3) Formulate alternative plans to
<br />achieve varying levels of contributions
<br />to the speclfled components of the.
<br />multiobjectives;
<br />(4) Analyze the differences among
<br />the alterna.tIve plans which reflect dif-
<br />feren t emphases. a.mong bhe specified
<br />components of the mUltlobJectives;
<br />(5) Review and reconsider if neces-
<br />sary the spec1fled comPonents for the
<br />planning setting' and formulate addi-
<br />tional alterna.tive plans as appropr:late;
<br />and
<br />(6) select a recommended plan based
<br />upon an evaluation of the tradeoffs
<br />among the alternative plBrul.
<br />Essential to this process Is the for-
<br />muI9Jt1on at alternative plans to achieve
<br />varying levels of contri!but:l.ons to the
<br />multiobJectIves and the active participa-
<br />tion of all interests.
<br />DurIng 'the planning ,process one e.lter-
<br />n-atI ve plan will be fOMnula.ted in whlC'h
<br />optimum contributions are made to the
<br />national economic development abJec~
<br />tive. AdditionaJ]y, dw1ng the planning
<br />procesS at least one altemative plan w1ll
<br />be formulated which emphasizes the con.
<br />tributlons to the environmental quality
<br />objective. other alternative plans re-
<br />tlecting signiftca.nt tradeoff:!> among the
<br />national economic development and en-
<br />vlronmental quallty objectives mw be
<br />formulated. -
<br />other alternative plans emphasIzing
<br />contributions to specified components of
<br />the regional development objectives
<br />would be' fonnulated only when specifi-
<br />cally directed,
<br />Four tests would be applled In the
<br />tonnulation of any given alternatIve.
<br />plan:
<br />(J) The e.cceptablllty of the alterna-
<br />tive plan to the pub!!c and compatibl11ty
<br />wl1Ih 1nstItutlonal constraints;
<br />(2) The effectiveness of the altema~ I.
<br />tlve plan in"meeting component needs of
<br />,the multlobJootIves;
<br />(3) The efficIency of the plan 1n meet-.
<br />ing comPonent needs or 1lhe muJUobjec-
<br />Uves and 8. demonstration that the plan
<br />represents the least-cost means of
<br />achieving such component needs; and
<br />(4) The completeness of the plan in
<br />8.CCOWlting for alllnvesftmenm and other
<br />required inputs or actions.
<br />As alterna.tive plans are developed
<br />and sUbjected to these tests, the basIc
<br />steps In the pJannt-ng process IJU'LY be
<br />rei,teratecl as necessary with each itera-
<br />tion more detailed. tlhan the last.
<br />Each alternative plan screened for
<br />tlnal consideration should. be "justified"
<br />in the sense that 1n tlhe judgment CJ1. the
<br />planning organlzatJon the total beneftclal
<br />effects to all obJeotlves exceed the tdI:al
<br />adverse effects to all objectives.
<br />
<br />FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 36,. NO. 245-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1971
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