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<br />24146
<br />
<br />The measurement 01 the effects in It-
<br />self. howe'Ver. does not necessarlly con-
<br />stitute a.n indication that such effects are
<br />beneficial or adverse. A decision on this
<br />question depends on the nature of prefer-
<br />ences regarding each effect. One group
<br />lnay consider an effect beneficial whlle
<br />snother group considers it adverse.
<br />Effects on some objectives and com-
<br />ponents are generally regarded as favor-
<br />able. These include, for example, gains
<br />in national output. For other Objectives
<br />and components. however. preferences
<br />will differ. This will certa.1nly be true of
<br />some of the components making up the
<br />environmental quaUty. objective. For
<br />such instances; multiobjectfve planning
<br />provides infonnation which should facil-
<br />itate planning decisions and reduce con-
<br />,met over such decisions..
<br />Thus. there are beneficial and adverse
<br />etrects tor national economic develop-
<br />ment. enviromnental quality, and re-
<br />gional development objectives and bene-
<br />ficial and adverse effects on social factors.
<br />These are measured in quantitative un1ts
<br />or qualitative terms appropriate to a
<br />llRrticular effect. The multiobject1ves are
<br />not mutually exclusive with respect to
<br />beneficial or adverse effects, and fina.l de-
<br />cisions as to the selection of the recom-
<br />mended plan wlll be made by considering
<br />the differences among alternative plans .
<br />a.s to all their effects.
<br />
<br />A. BENEFICIAL E'FTECTS ON NATIONAL ECO-
<br />NOMIC DEvnoPME~r .
<br />
<br />National economic development bene-
<br />ficial effects are increa.ses 1n the value ot
<br />the output of goOds and services and
<br />improvements in national economic em-
<br />ciency resulting from a plan. These
<br />include:
<br />a. The value to users of increased out-
<br />puts of gOOds and servIces; and
<br />b. The value of output resulting from
<br />external economies.
<br />
<br />D. ADVERSE ~FFECTS ON NATIONAL ECONOMIC
<br />DEVELOPMENT
<br />
<br />National economic development ad-
<br />verse effects of a plan include:
<br />B. The value of resources required for
<br />a. plan; and
<br />b. Losses in output resulting from ex-
<br />ternal cllseconomies.
<br />
<br />c. BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSB EFFECI'S ON THI:
<br />ENVIRoNMENr
<br />
<br />The benencial and adverse eft'ects of
<br />the proposed plan on the environmental
<br />characteristics of an area. under study or
<br />elsewhere in.the Naotion will be evaluated.
<br />Environmental effects. will be displayed
<br />in terms ot relevant physical and eco-
<br />logical criteria or d1mensiOIl8, including
<br />the approprtate qualitative aspects. Sucb
<br />an evaluation would include the effects
<br />of the proposed plan on:
<br />a. Open and green space, wild and
<br />!l:cenic rivers. lakes. beaches, shores
<br />mountains and wilderness areas, estu~
<br />aries, and other areas of natural beauty;
<br />b, archeological, historical, blological.
<br />and geological resources and selected
<br />ecological systems;
<br />
<br />NOTICES
<br />
<br />C, The qualIty of water, land, and air
<br />resources; and
<br />d. Irrever.;!ble commllmenla of re-
<br />oources l<> future usea.
<br />
<br />D. BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSI: BFi'ECTS ON
<br />REGIONAL Dln'BLOP:amN7 .
<br />
<br />The following beneficial or adverse ef-
<br />fects of the proposed plan on a. system
<br />of relevant planning regions (States.
<br />river basins, or communlties) will be
<br />cUsplayed:
<br />a.. ,Inco,me eOects-(1) Beneficial. (1)
<br />The value of increased. outputs of
<br />goods and servicea trom a. plan to the
<br />users re.sidlng in the region under
<br />consIderation;
<br />(11) The value of output to users resid-
<br />ing in the region under consideration
<br />resulting from external economies;
<br />(iiI) The value of output in the re~
<br />glon under consJderatJon resultIng from
<br />the use of resources otherwise unem-
<br />ployed or underemployed.; and
<br />(tv) Additional net income accruing to
<br />the region under consideration from the
<br />. construction or implementation of a plan
<br />and from other economic activities in-
<br />duced by operations of a plan.
<br />(2) AdVerse. (1) The value ot re-
<br />sources contributed from within the re-
<br />gion under consideration to achieve the
<br />outputs of a plan; \
<br />(ii) Payment through taxes. assess-
<br />ments, or reimbursement by the region
<br />under consideration for resources con-
<br />tributed to the plan from outside the
<br />region;
<br />(liD W5SeS in output resulting from
<br />external diseconomies to users residing in
<br />the region under consideration;
<br />(Iv) Los.s of assistance pa.yments from
<br />sources outsIde the region to otherwise
<br />unemployed or underemployed resources
<br />and displaced resources residing in the
<br />region under consideration;
<br />(v) Losses in output In the region un-
<br />der conslderA.tlon resulting from re-
<br />sources displaced and subsequently un-
<br />employed; and
<br />(vt) Loss of net Income in the region
<br />under consideration from other eco-
<br />nomic activities displaced by construc-
<br />tion or operation of a plan.
<br />b. Beneficial and adverse eDecu OR
<br />other componenu of the reuiontll devel-
<br />opment ob1ectlve, (1) The number and,
<br />types of lobs resultlng from a plan In
<br />the region under consldemtion;
<br />(2) Elfects of the plan on population
<br />distribution withIn the reglon under con-
<br />sideration and a.mong regions in the
<br />Nation;
<br />(3) The effect of the plan on the eco-
<br />nomic base and economic stablllty of the
<br />region under consideration:
<br />(4) The effect.of the plan on educa-
<br />tional. cultural, and recreatlonal- oplX)r-
<br />tunlties In the region under considera-
<br />tion;
<br />(5) The elfect of the plan on the en-
<br />vironment in the region UIlder coIlBlder-
<br />atlon; and
<br />(6) The eJrect of the plan on other
<br />speclfied component.> of regional devel-
<br />opment.
<br />
<br />B. BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSE EFFECTS
<br />ON. SOCIAL FACTORS
<br />
<br />The benetlcial and. adverse effects of
<br />a proposed plan on social fa.ctors will be
<br />displayed, Includlng:
<br />a. Real income di3tribution. The effects
<br />Of a plan on the real Income of classes
<br />Or groups that are relevant to the evalua~
<br />tlon of a plan will be displaYed, All ef-
<br />tects. both monetary and income in kind,
<br />will be Included In this display,
<br />b. Life, health. and safety. Plan effects
<br />on life, health, and safety other than
<br />those evaluated monetarily for the na-
<br />tional economic development objective
<br />will be included here. Measurement
<br />techniques will vary but would largelY
<br />be in terms of physical units.
<br />c. Emergency pre1Klredness. The eft'ects
<br />of the plan on reserve capact ties and
<br />.flexiblUties in water resource systems and
<br />protection against intemIption of the
<br />fiow of essential goods and services at
<br />times of national disaster or crit1e&l need
<br />will be displayed,
<br />d, Other, The eJfect.. on other social
<br />factors may be Identltled and dJsp}ayed
<br />as relevant to al~ma.tive plans.
<br />
<br />IV. GENERAL EVALUATION PRINCIPLES
<br />
<br />A. GENERAL SETTING
<br />
<br />Full employment will be assumed ex.:.
<br />cept where local areas of chronic unem-
<br />ployment, Wlderemployment, or other
<br />conditions indicate otherwise. Plan for~
<br />mulation and evaluation wlll be based
<br />on national and regional project:l.ons of
<br />employment, output, and population and
<br />the amounts at goOds and services that
<br />are llkely to be reqUired, Actual or pr0-
<br />jected needs for water and land re-
<br />sources w1ll be related to these proJec-
<br />tions. Alternatlve plans will take Inl<>
<br />aooount established standards and goals
<br />for the quality at the envtrorunent and
<br />regional development.
<br />
<br />B. MEASUREMENT or BENBFICIAL AND
<br />ADVERSB EFFECTS
<br />
<br />Beneficial and adverse eJrects of each
<br />alternatlve plan wffi be determined by
<br />comparlng the conditions expected with
<br />the plan l<> the condltlons expected wleh-
<br />out the plan, SInce substantial c!ul.ngel
<br />may be expected eVen in the ah6ence of
<br />the plan. care should be taken t1mt this
<br />fact Is pn>perly rellecled In plan formu-
<br />latIon and evaluation.
<br />
<br />c. PRICE RELATIONsmps
<br />
<br />When prices are U6ed in evaluation
<br />they should reflect the real exchange
<br />values expected to preva1l over the pe-
<br />riod of analysis, For this PUl"POSe, rela-
<br />tlve price relatlonshlps and the genere1
<br />level of prices prevall1nB' durtng the
<br />plannlng study will be sssmned to hold
<br />ganers.lly for the future, exrept where
<br />spec1:fl.c studies and ooru;iderations 1I1(1l-
<br />oate otherwise,
<br />
<br />D. THB DISCOUNT OR INTEREST RATE
<br />The dlscount rate will be established
<br />In aooordance with the following con-
<br />cept: The opportunity cost or all Fed-
<br />eral investment acttvltles, Includlng
<br />
<br />FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 36, NO. 24S-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1971
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